【作者】 周艳；

【导师】 孙玉凤；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济全球化的发展,世界贸易更加倡导自由贸易反对贸易保护主义。传统的关税等贸易壁垒的作用受到极大限制,而劳工标准问题在国际贸易中日益受到国际社会的关注。发达国家与发展中国家就是否应该在全世界范围内建立统一的劳工标准问题展开激烈的争论,以美国为首的发达国家更是提出将劳工标准与国际贸易直接挂钩。中国作为发展中国家的代表,且是世界上最大的劳动密集型产品的出口国,出口贸易必定会受到一定的影响。因此明确我国劳工标准与劳动密集型产品出口贸易关系,对于我国企业应对劳工标准问题、出口贸易可持续健康发展具有一定指导意义。本文以核心劳工标准和我国劳动密集型行业出口贸易为研究对象,探究劳工标准对我国出口贸易的影响。首先对两者关系进行理论分析,对劳工标准相关的概念进行了界定,介绍了劳工标准与贸易问题挂钩的历史渊源,然后利用经济学理论和国际贸易学理论对劳工标准对出口贸易影响机理进行分析。然后进一步在理论研究的基础上搜集劳工标准与我国劳动密集型行业出口贸易数据,构建计量分析模型,对核心劳工标准对我国出口贸易影响进行实证分析。选取了3项指标来衡量我国的核心劳工标准水平,它们分别是劳工的实际工资水平、女性劳动参与率、我国社会保险的参保率。实证结果表明实际工资水平、女性劳动参与率与出口贸易间存在正相关关系,且在1%水平上通过显著性检验。我国社会保险的参保率与出口贸易存在正相关关系,在5%水平上通过显著性检验,因此可以得出我国劳动密集型产品出口与核心劳工标准间存在正相关关系的结论,实行较高的劳工标准水平反而会更加有利于我国劳动密集型产品出口。我国并不是像发达国家所声称的那样,通过采用较低的劳工标准水平降低出口产品的价格,以较低的价格取得比较优势,从而促进产品的出口。最后分别从宏观层面政府以及微观层面企业应该如何更好地应对劳工标准问题提出建议。指出政府应该在立法、政策制度以及战略制定上争取有利于我国贸易发展的劳工标准水平,企业要切实加强劳工权益的保护,增强劳工标准意识以及积极承担社会责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economic globalization,world trade advocate more free trade and oppose trade protectionism.The traditional trade barriers such as tariff be extremely limited,and labor standards has increasing attention from the international community in international trade.Developed and developing countries have fierce debate on whether to establish a unified labor standards worldwide,the developed countries such as America proposed directly linked labor standards with international trade.China as the representative of the developing world,and is the world’s largest labor intensive products exporter,export must be affected.So we make sure the relations between labor standards and labor-intensive products export trade,has a certain significance.It can help China’s enterprises deal with labor standards,promote sustainable and healthy development of foreign trade.In this paper,core labor standards and export of labor-intensive industries be studied,we explore the impact of labor standards on China’s export trade.Firstly,we have theoretical analysis of the relationship between them.the concept of labor standards are defined and explore linking of labor standards and trade issues as well as the historical origins on the labor standards.Then the mechanism of labor standards on export are analyzed using economic theory and the theory of international trade.We selected three indicators to measure the level of core labor standards,which are the wage of labor,female labor participation rate,social security insurance rate.The empirical results show that there is a positive correlation between wage,female labor participation rate and export,and pass significant test at the 1%level,there is a positive correlation between social security insurance rate and export,pass significant test at the level of 5%,it can be concluded that there is positive correlation between the export of labor-intensive products and core labor standards,A higher level of labor standards will be more conducive to China’s labor-intensive export.Our country do not obtain a lower price comparative advantage as developed countries had claimed by a lower level of labor standards to reduce the price of export products.Finally the author proposals respectively from the macro level government and micro-level enterprises how to better deal with the issue of labor standards,that the government should strive labor standard level good for developing countries in legislation,policy and strategy formulation system.Enterprises should strengthen the protection of labor rights,enhance awareness of labor standards and actively bear social responsibility.更多还原