【作者】 李晓玲；

【导师】 吕秋凤； 王玉琳；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 兽医（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆异黄酮是天然植物雌激素的一种,根据动物的种类和生理阶段不同,其可发挥不同的生理作用；目前大豆异黄酮的研究多集中在抗肿瘤、抗氧化及预防心血管疾病方面,对蛋鸡脂类代谢及蛋黄品质等方面研究较少。本试验采取超声辅助提取豆粕中总异黄酮,并进行蛋鸡饲养试验,探索大豆异黄酮对蛋鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响,为将来超声波萃取法的工业化生产及大豆异黄酮的实际应用提供理论依据。试验一、大豆异黄酮的提取：本试验采取超声辅助提取豆粕中总异黄酮,并结合单因素试验结果用响应面法对提取条件进行了优化,最终确定最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度为55%、提取温度40℃、液料比24：1g/ml,在此条件下大豆异黄酮的提取量可达0.45mg/g。试验二、大豆异黄酮对蛋鸡生产性能和脂类代谢的影响：本试验选取海兰褐蛋鸡192只,随机分为4组,试验1、2、3组日粮在基础饲粮中分别添加400g/t、800g/t、1200g/t大豆异黄酮,第4组为对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验期为5周,试验结果如下；1.在生产性能方面：试验组蛋鸡的产蛋率与对照组相比,只有在试验期的前3周有显著的变化。试验期的第1周和第2周,试验2、3组的产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而在第3周,只有试验3组的产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；试验组蛋鸡的平均蛋重与对照组相比也有不同程度的提高,从试验期的第2周开始,与对照组相比,3个试验组的平均蛋重均显著提高(P<0.05)；试验组蛋鸡的料蛋比与对照组相比也有不同程度的降低,在试验期的第1周,与对照组相比,试验1组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05),在试验期的第2周,3个试验组料蛋比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),在试验期的第3周和第5周,只有试验3组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)；与对照组相比,3个试验组的蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度都有显著的提高(P<0.05),但对蛋黄颜色无影响(P>0.05),另外试验2组的蛋白高度和哈夫单位显著降低(P<0.05),且各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2.在脂类代谢方面：大豆异黄酮各剂量组均能显著降低蛋鸡血清和蛋黄总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、丙二醛(MDA)及血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)的含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量(P<0.05),添加量为800g/t的大豆异黄酮能显著提高蛋鸡血清脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性(P<0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean isoflavones are a kind of natural phytoestrogens, depending on the animal species and the different physiological stages, which can play different physiological effects. At present, the researches of soybean isoflavone focus on anticancer, antioxidant and prevention of cardiovascular disease, while the research about lipid metabolism and egg yolk quality of laying hens is still less. In this experiment, ultrasound assisted extraction of total isoflavones from soybean meal was performed, and proceeded laying hens feeding experiment, to explore the effects of soybean isoflavones on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism, for the future industrial production of the ultrasonic extraction method and soybean isoflavones’ practical application provide a theoretical basis.Test 1:Extraction of soybean isoflavone:This experiment used the ultrasound assisted extraction of total isoflavones from soybean meal and combined with single factor test results to optimize the extraction conditions by using the response surface method, finally determined the optimum process conditions were:the ethanol concentration was 55.02%, extraction temperature was 40℃, solid-liquid ratio was 24.21:1ml/g and the extraction amount of soybean isoflavone was 0.4455 1mg/g.Test 2, Effects of soybean isoflavones on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens:192 Hyline Brown laying hens were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Test group 1,2 and group 3 were added 400g/t,800g,/t 1200g/t soybean isoflavone in the basal diet respectively, group 4 as the control group was fed a basal diet, test period for 5 weeks. The results are as follows;1. In terms of production performance:we compared the laying rate of the test group with the control group,found that only in the test period of 3 weeks before significant changes. During the first and second weeks of the trial period, the egg laying rate of 2 and 3 groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). In the third week, however, the egg laying rate of 3 groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the average egg weight of the test group was also improved, compared with the control group, the average egg weight of the 3 test groups were significantly increased (P<0.05) before the second week of the trial period; Compared with the control group, the feed egg ratio of the test group also had a different degree of reduction, in the first week of the trial period, compared with the control group, test group 1 feed to egg ratio decreased significantly (P＜0.05), in the second week of the trial period, feed egg ratio of three test groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05), in the trial period of 3 weeks and 5 weeks, only feed egg ratio of 3 group decreased significantly (P<0.05).In egg quality,compared with the control group, the strength of eggshell and eggshell thickness of the three test groups have increased significantly (P<0.05), but no significantly effect on the yolk color (P>0.05). In addition, albumen height and Haugh units of the test group 2 were reduced by 25.88%(P＜0.05) and 16.07%(P＜0.05), also no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05).2. In the lipid metabolism:soybean isoflavones in each dose group can significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels in laying hens’ serum and egg yolk (P<0.05), improve high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content (P<0.05). And 800g additive amount of soybean isoflavones can significantly increase laying hens’ serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity (P＞0.05).更多还原