马克思的社会保障思想及其当代意义研究

【作者】 刘强；

【导师】 马海峰；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 社会保障问题一直以来就是人们比较关心和探讨的理论问题和现实问题,社会保障制度的健全与否甚至直接关系到一个国家人民生活幸福感指数的高低。环顾当今世界各国经济发展水平差异化显著,发达国家与发展中国家经济实力差距依然悬殊,每个国家的社会保障发展水平也是大不一样。作为站在发展中国家行列的中国,近几年国内经济发展虽然取得了显著的成绩,但我国国内的社会保障制度体系建设仍然任重而道远。因此,作为一个把马克思主义思想作为根本指导思想的社会主义国家,在今天深入挖掘和阐发马克思的社会保障思想,探究和分析马克思的社会保障思想产生的理论根源,寻求建立和完善中国特色社会保障制度体系的切实途径显得就更加具有重要的意义。本文立足马克思的经典原著,综合借鉴前人学者的相关研究成果,并结合当今中国现阶段经济、政治、文化和社会发展的现实情况,从以下方面展开对马克思的社会保障思想进行研究:一、主要简单梳理和分析了马克思社会保障思想的形成和发展,认为马克思的社会保障思想的形成立足于资本主义制度蓬勃发展的时代大背景下,并且马克思的社会保障思想的形成也是在吸收和借鉴西方一些思想家们的理论基础之上。按照时间节点大致可以将马克思社会保障思想的形成过程分为萌芽阶段、成熟阶段和完善阶段三个阶段,并对这一形成过程进行了较为具体和细致的阐述。二、着重对马克思社会保障思想建立的必要性及其主要内容进行阐述。主要从马克思对资本主义社会保障制度本质欺骗性的揭露,来阐述马克思分别从两种社会的再生产理论以及人类社会发展需要的理论来阐述社会保障制度建立的必要性。另外重点介绍马克思社会保障思想的主要内容包括:社会保障的最高目标是实现人的自由而全面的发展,社会保障的资金来源于劳动人民所创造的社会财富,社会保障的对象是全体社会劳动者和弱势群体,社会保障的功能在于“分摊风险”和“补偿损失”,社会保障的责任主体是国家。三、是对新中国成立六十多年以来,我国国内社会保障制度的建设历程做一个简单回顾,以及现存的问题进行深入的分析,并结合当代中国社会发展的具体实践,阐发马克思社会保障思想的当代意义,认为深入挖掘和研究马克思的社会保障思想,有助于丰富和深化唯物史观的理论内涵,为我国建立完善的社会保障制度体系提供重要的方法论启示,也为实现当代中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”奠定了重要的思想理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social Security has always been more concerned with people and discuss theoretical and practical issues, the social security system of the soundness of a country or even directly related to people’s life happiness index level. Look level of economic development of countries in the world today a significant difference, the gap between developed and developing countries are still poor economic strength, the level of social security development of each country is different. As a developing country, China stood in the ranks, in recent years, domestic economic development has made remarkable achievements, but the social security system of the domestic system is still a long way. Therefore, as a Marxist ideology as a fundamental guiding ideology of the socialist countries, dig in today and elucidation of Marx’s social security, to explore and analyze the root causes of the social security theory Marx produced, seeking to build socialism with Chinese characteristics and improve security practical ways institutional system appears to have greater significance.This article is based Marx’s classic original, comprehensive reference previous research results related scholars, combined with the reality of today’s China’s current economic, political and cultural development, from the following aspects of the social security Marx were studied:The first chapter is simple to sort out and analyze the formation and development of Marxist social security thought that the formation of Marx’s thought is based on social security under capitalism flourish background of the times, and the formation of Marx’s social security also in the absorption and learn some Western thinkers theoretical basis. In accordance with the time node formation process can be roughly divided into Marxist social security thought the embryonic stage, mature stage and improve the three phases, and the formation of a more specific and detailed exposition.The second chapter focuses on the necessity and the main content of Marxist social security thought established elaborate. Mainly from Marx capitalist nature of the social security system to expose the deceptive, respectively, from Marx to elaborate theory and the theory of human social development needs of two social reproduction to explain the necessity of the establishment of the social security system. Further highlights of Marxism Social Security Thought main contents include: the highest goal of social security is to achieve human freedom and comprehensive development, funding of social security comes from working people to create social wealth, social security is the object of all social workers and vulnerable groups, the social security function is to "share the risk" and "compensate for the loss," the main responsibility for the social security of the country.The third chapter is the new China was founded sixty years, the construction process of China’s domestic social security system to do a brief review, as well as the existing issues in-depth analysis to identify their deficiencies, which advanced countries to learn from the West and improvement, and strive to improve.The fourth chapter is combined with the specific practice of contemporary China’s social development, elucidation of the contemporary significance of Marxist social security thought, that social security thinking dig and study Marx, help to enrich and deepen the theory of historical materialism connotation for the establishment and improve the system of social security system has important methodological inspiration, but also for the contemporary realization of the great rejuvenation of the "China Dream" provides an important ideological and theoretical foundation.更多还原