【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 李向东；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2014—2015年,在山东农业大学农学试验站、作物高产生理实验室内进行,以大花生品种(系)365-2为试验材料,研究了播期与密度对夏直播花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.夏直播花生自6月5日起,随着播期的推迟,主茎变矮,侧枝变短,分枝数减少;根、茎、叶以及荚果的干物质积累量降低;花生叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、ΦPSⅡ、叶面积系数、根系活力以及硝酸还原酶活性呈明显下降趋势,说明夏直播花生晚播严重影响营养生长和干物质积累,叶片生理功能明显降低。2.夏直播花生自6月5日起,随着播期的推迟,产量呈明显下降趋势。6月5号播种荚果产量最高,达4403.75kg·hm-2,6月25号播种荚果产量最低,为3647.50kg·hm-2,比6月5号降低17.17%。说明对于夏直播花生,抢时播种是提高荚果产量的关键,播期越早,产量越高。播期推迟,籽仁产量及出仁率也呈下降趋势;随着播期的推迟,粗脂肪含量、蛋白质含量以及O/L比值逐渐降低,可溶性糖含量升高。3.6月15号以前(T1、T2、T3)播种,密度低于10000穴/亩(D3)时,随密度增加,主茎高、侧枝长增加,净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度升高,分枝数减少,密度高于10000穴/亩(D3)时,主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数均减少;6月15号以后(T4、T5)播种,密度高于11000穴/亩(d2)时,主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度及气孔导度呈降低趋势。说明密度对夏直播花生植株性状影响明显,不同播期应采取不同密度,以促进花生营养生长,建立合理群体。4.6月15号以前(T1、T2、T3)播种,密度低于10000穴/亩(D3)时,随密度增加,单株结果数、籽仁产量及荚果产量增加,密度高于10000穴/亩(D3)时,籽仁产量及荚果产量降低;6月15号以后(T4、T5)播种,密度高于11000穴/亩(d2)时,籽仁产量及荚果产量均降低。说明密度和播期对夏直播花生产量影响明显,不同播期应采取适宜的密度,达到增产的目的。本试验条件下,6月15号以前播种,密度以10000穴/亩为宜;6月15号以后播种,密度以11000穴/亩为宜。5.6月15号以前(T1、T2、T3)播种,覆膜栽培与露地栽培荚果产量相差不大,可以直接露地栽培;6月15号以后(T4、T5)播种,覆膜栽培荚果产量明显高于露地栽培,因此,应采用覆膜栽培的种植方式。6.播期一定,各密度栽培条件下,粗脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量及O/L比值数值差别不大,表明,密度对夏直播花生品质影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was carried out with big peanut varieties(lines) of 365-2 as experimental material to study the effects of sowing date and planting density on summer-sowing peanut physiological characteristics, yield and quality in agronomy experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University, physiology laboratory of crop yield from 2014 to 2015. The main research results were as follows:1.Since June 5, the results showed that main stem height, branch length, branch numbers,dry matter accumulation of root, stem, leaf and fruit were dropped with delay of the sowing date;the Photosynthetic rate, Chlorophyll content, ΦPSⅡ, LAI, root vigor, NRase activity descended with delay of the sowing date.Late sowing of summer-sowing peanut affected vegetative growth,dry matter accumulation and physiological characteristics.2.Since June 5,pod yield decreased with delay of the sowing date. The pod yield reached the highest at June 5, up to 4403.75kg·hm-2, and the pod yield reached the lowest in June 25, which was significantly lower 17.17% than that of June 5.The results showed that early sowing was the key to improve the pod yield of summer-sowing peanut, the earlier sowing date, the higher pod yield. Kernel yield and kernel rate were dropped with delay of the sowing date.Fat content, protein content, O/L decreased, and soluble sugar content increased with delay of the sowing date.3.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),main stem height,branch length, the Photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration increased when the planting density was below 10000 holes/mu, main stem height,branch length,branch numbers were dropped when the planting density was above 10000 holes/mu;after June 15(T4,T5),main stem height,branch length, the photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration descended when the planting density was above 11000 holes/mu.The results showed that different sowing date with the best planting density was the best choice in order to improve vegetative growth of summer-sowing peanut.4.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),Pods per plant, kernel yield, pod yield increased when the planting density was below 10000 holes/mu, kernel yield, pod yield decreased when the planting density was above 10000 holes/mu;after June 15(T4,T5), kernel yield, pod yield decreased when the planting density was above 11000 holes/mu. The results showed that different sowing date and planting density had significantly impact on yield,appropriate density should be adopted in different sowing date in order to increase production of summer-sowing peanut.The best planting density was 10000 holes/mu before June 15(T1, T2, T3),the best planting density was 11000 holes/mu after June 15(T4,T5).5.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),the pod yield of open field cultivation and film mulching cultivation had little difference,so we could use open field cultivation;after June 15(T4,T5), film mulching had higher yield,so we must use film mulching cultivation.6.Fat content, protein content, soluble sugar content and O/L were not very different, the results showed that the effect of different density on the quality was not obvious of summer-sowing peanut.更多还原