【作者】 杨柳；

【导师】 周巩固；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 希腊本土位于巴尔干半岛的东南一隅,这里聚集着数以百计的城邦,他们之间存在着各种各样的关系：军事同盟关系、经济伙伴关系、母邦与子邦的关系、邻邦关系..每个城邦都处在由这些关系组成的复杂网络之中。伯罗奔尼撒战争(公元前431——公元前404年)是古代希腊最为著名的战争之一,长达27年之久,希腊社会的经济遭到严重破坏,城邦制度出现危机,此后希腊社会再无法恢复到繁荣局面,可谓是古希腊由盛至衰的转折点。接下来,笔者以雅典为主体,以伯罗奔尼撒战争为时间维度来梳理分析相关的对外关系状况。本文由绪论、正文和结语三部分组成：绪论主要介绍了伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的原因以及国内外研究概况,说明了本文的写作基础和论据来源。正文第一部分主要介绍在伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发前雅典与各方对外关系的状况。此部分又从雅典与提洛同盟的关系和雅典与同盟外的关系两大方面展开。正文第二部分主要介绍了在伯罗奔尼撒战争中对外关系的变动。与作为战争另一方的斯巴达关系的变动及其重要性自是不必多言。同时在此阶段,提洛同盟内部的叛乱也有至关重要的影响。另外,科林斯、阿尔戈斯以及波斯的动向也在很大程度上左右着战争的进程。既然各方关系均有变动,那么笔者在此也稍稍探讨了对外关系的影响因素,主要有利益最大化、政治同情、民族同源心理、当权精英的鼓动、宗教因素和舆论因素等六个方面。正文第三部分主要介绍了对外关系变动对雅典的影响,这其实在一定程度上等同于这场战争对雅典的影响。此前的雅典威名赫赫,握有财富,掌有提洛同盟,邦内的商业贸易也堪称发达。但在战争中,提洛同盟内部一些对雅典的粮食进口路线有重要地位的城邦的叛乱,以及雅典与其他非盟邦的关系的变动,使得雅典的粮食进口道路受阻。面对战场上的失利,雅典内部的统治集团斗争更加激烈,而此两种情况又使得雅典人的情绪低落,信心骤减,风发不再。结语部分记述了通过对对雅典战前、战中、战后三个阶段对外关系变动的梳理,对其影响因素的探究而得出的对其后果的反思,使我们更加理性明智地看待国际关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Greek mainland, located in the southeast of the Balkan Peninsula, gathered several hundreds of polis which had all kinds of relations among them, such as military alliance, economic partnership, mother and child bond state relations, neigbours and so on. Every city is in the complex network which composed of these relationships. The Peloponnesian War, which lasted twenty-seven years, from 431 B.C.to 404 B.C., is one of the most important wars in ancient Greece World. The Greek society’s economy suffered severe damage, what was worse the city-state system appeared crisis so that the Greek society no longer returned to prosperity after that. In other words it is a turning point of the ancient Greek from peak to tough. The following I will regard Athens as main body and The Peloponnesian War as the time dimension to analyze the relevant foreign relations status.It consists of three parts.The introduction describes the history of studies about The Peloponnesian War and temporary situation to point out the writing foundation and the sources of argument.Chapter one mainly introduces the situations before the breakout of The Peloponnesian War, including the relationship between Athens and Tyrol alliance, and the relationship with the outside alliance, which give an arrangement for Athen’s foreign policy.Chapter two introduces the changes of the external relations during The Peloponnesian War. The importance of the changes between Athens and Sparta, which was the other party of the war, do not need to be mentioned more. In the meanwhile, the internal rebellions of the Tyrol alliance also has crucial influence. In addition, Corinth, Argos and Persia’s tendency largely influenced on the progress of the war. Since the relationship among the parties all had changed, I also discuss the influence factors, mainly including profit maximization, political sympathy, national homologous mental, elites’ agitation, religion and public opinions.Chapter three dissertates the influence of the external relations change on Athens. To some extent, it is equivalent to the influence of the war to Athens. The Athens was famous for its wealth, enjoying a high reputation, holding the Tyrol alliance, and its commercial trade of the state before The Peloponnesian War. However, because of the changes during the war, that Athens’ food imports road was blocked, the rule groups’ contention for power and profit became more and more intensely all this made the athenians in low spirits.In the end, this thesis summarizes the foreign relations of Athens before the war, in the war and after the war apartly to reflect on the consequences and remind us of holding a more rational view to international relations.更多还原