【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 徐长山；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 氧化锌纳米材料有着广阔的应用前景,当它造福人类的同时也会带来一些不利影响,因此,研究氧化锌纳米粒子会对动植物产生哪些毒性十分重要。本论文选取库拉索芦荟作为实验对象,通过溶胶凝胶法制得ZnO纳米粒子,用含有ZnO纳米粒子的培养基处理芦荟叶片的切片15 h,然后利用Oxi7310溶氧测试仪测定芦荟培养基中溶解氧浓度随时间的变化情况,可以得到溶解氧浓度的变化率,该变化率与对应的呼吸速率和净光合速率成正比。通过分析芦荟培养基中溶解氧浓度的变化率即可分析ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟呼吸作用和光合作用的影响。在研究ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟呼吸作用影响的实验中,芦荟培养基中加入的ZnO纳米粒子的浓度依次为0 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L,每份芦荟叶片切片的总表面积均约为60 cm~2,整个实验过程中应该保证BOD瓶密闭不透光。各浓度ZnO纳米粒子处理的芦荟对应的溶解氧浓度变化率依次为-21.86mg/(L·h)、-18.28 mg/(L·h)、-15.14 mg/(L·h)、-12.89 mg/(L·h),可以看出不同浓度的ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟的呼吸均有抑制作用,且氧化锌纳米粒子对芦荟呼吸的毒性随氧化锌纳米粒子的浓度增加而增强。在研究ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟光合作用影响的实验中,芦荟培养基中加入的ZnO纳米粒子的浓度依次为0 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L,每份芦荟叶片切片的总表面积均约为60 cm~2,整个实验在光照强度为750±30μmol/m2/s的稳定光源下进行。各浓度ZnO纳米粒子处理的芦荟对应的溶解氧浓度变化率依次为52.59 mg/(L·h)、44.95 mg/(L·h)、40.77 mg/(L·h)、35.64 mg/(L·h),可以看出不同浓度的ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟的光合作用均有抑制作用,且氧化锌纳米粒子对芦荟光合作用的毒性随氧化锌纳米粒子的浓度增加而增强。通过实验表明,ZnO纳米粒子对芦荟呼吸和光合作用都有抑制,但产生这种抑制的原因在未来的研究中仍需进一步探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 ZnO nanomaterials have a broad application perspective,but along with its benefits to mankind,it brings some adverse effects.Therefore,it is very important to study the potential toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to living things.In this thesis,Aloe Barbadensis Mill was the experimental object,and the ZnO nanoparticles was prepared by sol-gel method.The slices of aloe leaves were treated with culture media containing ZnO nanoparticles for 15 hours,and then the changes of dissolved oxygen concentration with time in aloe culture medium was measured by Oxi7310 dissolved oxygen meter.We can obtain the change rate of dissolved oxygen concentration,which was proportional to the rate of respiration and net photosynthesis.By analyzing the change rate of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium,the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the respiration and photosynthesis of aloe can be analyzed.In the study of the effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the respiration of aloe,ZnO nanoparticles were added to the culture medium with concentrations of 0 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L,respectively.The 0 mg/L was used as control.The total surface area of the aloe leaf slices was about 60 cm~2,and in the whole process of the experiment,the BOD bottles should be sealed and kept in dark place.The corresponding change rate of dissolved oxygen from aloe treated with various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles was-21.86 mg/(L·h),-18.28 mg/(L·h),-15.14 mg/(L·h)and-12.89 mg/(L·h).This showed that the ZnO nanoparticles with different concentrations inhibited the respiration of aloe and the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to aloe increased with the increase of the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles.In the study of the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the photosynthesis of aloe,ZnO nanoparticles were added to the culture medium with concentrations of 0 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L,respectively.The 0 mg/L was used as control.The total surface area of the aloe leaf slices was about 60 cm~2,and the whole experiment was carried out under stable light source,the photon flux density was 750±30 μmol/m2/s.The corresponding change rate of dissolved oxygen from aloe treated with various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles was 52.59 mg/(L·h),44.95 mg/(L·h),40.77 mg/(L·h)and 35.64 mg/(L·h).This showed that the ZnO nanoparticles with different concentrations inhibited the photosynthesis of aloe and the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to aloe increased with the increase of the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles.As a conclusion,ZnO nanoparticles could inhibit the respiration and photosynthesis of aloe,but the cause of this inhibition still needs further research in the future.更多还原