【作者】 王晨；

【导师】 刘宏新；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 论文选题源于国家科技支撑计划“寒冷地区多元原料高效稳定协同发酵技术”(项目编号:2015BAD21B03-02),旨在设计一种车载农家肥捡拾装置。考察我国农村畜禽养殖的方式与畜禽粪便的处理办法,其特点是散落或堆积在道路两侧及边沟内,收集困难。因此设计能快速拆装的农家肥捡拾装置,以解决农村粪肥堆积给农民生活带来的环境污染问题,同时将良好农家肥资源利用起来,缓解土壤有机质含量下降等问题,提高土地质量。目前,对于农家肥的收集目前还多处于人工捡拾阶段,作业条件恶劣,工作效率低,而使用装载机类设备成本高,环境适应性差。根据对象的自身特性、分布特点、所处环境,以捡拾的工作原理进行收集装备研究无疑为一种最为合理的技术方案。因此,本文计划研究一种以集送搅龙为核心部件的捡拾装置,专用于农村道路及两侧边沟的有机肥收集。本研究通过CATIA创建农家肥捡拾装置模型,分析农家肥捡拾装置的工作过程,利用运动仿真分析与离散元仿真分析,模拟捡拾装置的工作过程,探究影响集送搅龙输送能力的因素,并对集送搅龙进行结构参数优化。(1)本文设计的农家肥捡拾装置利用农村常见的农用拖车,通过拆装架将捡拾搅龙挂接于车箱侧面,在随车前进中,将堆积的农家肥输送至车箱。设计一种快速拆装架,使其能够快速的挂接于农用拖车的侧面,当需要挂接该农家肥捡拾装置时,能够方便快速的挂接,具有快速省时的特点。(2)由于不能影响交通道路运输,所以设计一种搅龙收放机构,使集送搅龙能够完成运输状态与工作状态之间的转换,当不进行捡拾作业时,可挂接于农用拖车随车行走,其转换的动力源自拖拉机自身的液压输出系统,使其转换过程全由液压驱动完成,节省人力,操作安全快捷。并且搅龙收放机构能够与集送搅龙组成复合式的仿形机构,提高捡拾装置对复杂的边沟底面的适应能力。(3)集送搅龙是该机构的核心工作部件,由于其工作环境特殊,容易产生堵塞、磨损等问题,输送搅龙能否安全可靠地运行,与其参数的设计,搅龙叶片形式的选取有很大关系。就此问题,本文对分段式集送搅龙的参数进行优化设计,运用离散元仿真分析软件EDEM模拟集送搅龙的工作情况,对集送搅龙的工作参数进行分析,得到最优的组合方案。(4)经过仿真优化分析,利用软Design-Expert 8.0件对集送搅龙仿真结果分析得出,对输送量影响程度的从小到大依次为:提升搅龙倾角、搅龙螺旋直径、搅龙转速,根据设计目标要求和各因素对输送量的影响规律,可以得出,在提升搅龙倾角60°、搅龙螺旋直径200 mm、搅龙转速350 r/h时,输送量为5.52 t/h,满足设计要求。经过样机试验验证了分段式集送搅龙能够应用于农家肥的捡拾,且具有良好的仿形功能,表明了捡拾装置设计合理。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper stems from national scientific and technological support project“Cold region diverse materials efficient stable cooperative fermentation technology ”( project number :2015BAD21B03-02).The paper aimed at design an in-vehicle collecting device with farmyard manure, analyzed the methods of livestock and poultry breeding and livestock and poultry manure treatment method in the rural areas, the dung piled up in the road and ditches, collecting is difficult, therefore, design an auger which can collect the farmyard manure quickly to solve the question which brought out a serious of environmental pollution problems to surrounding residents, and utilized the good farmyard manure resource, alleviate the problems such as organic drop in the soil to improve the land quality.Due to without the relevant research about the collecting device with farmyard manure which piled up in the road and ditches, it is very difficult to collect the drug, so has to use large loader or artificial collection,but the piled drug is disperse which lead to collect difficultly. Therefore, the paper utilized the sectional type auger to collect the farmyard manure, design an assembling and disassembling stand, which can articulate on the side of agricultural trailer, which dragged by the tractor, driven by hydraulic output of tractor, is convenient to collect the farmyard manure.The paper built the model of collecting device with farmyard manure by CATIA, analyzed the working process of collecting device, simulate the working process by the motion simulation analysis and discrete element simulation analysis, to research the influence elements which influence the transmission capacity of auger, and made the structural parameters optimization on the key working part of collecting device.(1) The collecting device with farmyard manure utilized the common agricultural trailer, articulated on the side of the trunk by the assembling and disassembling stand, and went forward by truck and conveyed the piled farmyard manure to truck. When is necessary, it could hitch convenient and quickly, is fast and could save time.(2) To avoid the influence of the traffic road transport, the paper designed a screw frapping and releasing mechanism to complete the working condition transform from the transportation to working condition. When it doesn’t work, it could articulate on the side of the trunk and went by trunk, its transformation power derived from the hydraulic output system of truck, which could be driven by hydraulic, could save manpower and the operation is safe and efficient. And auger could be in coordination with screw frapping and releasing stand to realize comprehensive profiling to improve the adaptation ability of collecting device to complex ditch.(3) The auger is the key working part of the collecting device, and the screw conveyors are widely used in all walks of life. But the working environment is special, easy to produce the problem such as congestion and wear, so auger could operate safe and reliable is related to the parameter design and the dragon blade type selection. Aimed at the question, the paper designed the parameter of auger, utilized the discrete element simulation analysis software EDEM to simulate the working condition of auger, analyze the working parameters of auger, to get the optimal combination scheme.(4) The paper utilized the Design- Expert 8.0 software to treat the simulation result of auger, influence degree on conveying capacity is from small to large is lifting auger inclined angle、screw diameter of auger、rotational speed of auger, according to design goals and influence rule of every factor on conveying capacity can obtain that when the lifting auger inclined angle is 60°, screw diameter of auger is 200 mm and rotational speed of auger is 350 r/min, the conveying capacity is 5.52 t/h, can meet design requirement.At last, the paper processed prototype of in-vehicle collecting device with farmyard manure and made verification test, got the practical test result, verifying the accuracy and rationality of the collecting device with farmyard manure design and theoretical analysis At the same time, the research revises the coefficient of material properties of farmyard mature according the test results, at the same time, providing the reference for the relevant research of auger.更多还原