【作者】 刘淼；

【导师】 董正远；

【作者基本信息】 西安石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国油田所生产的大多数原油特点为高粘易凝原油,原油所采用的输送方式多为加热输送。近年来随着我国大部分油田进入高含水期,低输量运行问题也日显突出,随之产生的管道结蜡问题也严重起来。含蜡原油管道的输送成本主要由动力费用和热力费用两部分组成。这种加热输送方式的主要耗费来自于为原油加热的热力费用和增压所需的动力费用,且常常因为管道的运行参数不合理,导致管道运行的能耗偏高、费用过大。所以,对原油管道低输量的运行进行研究是非常有必要的。分析了国内外含蜡原油管道优化运行所做的工作,确定了本文的主要研究内容:从动力学和热力学的角度出发,进行原油管道的的优化分析。根据文中所确定的研究内容,这里主要考虑对管道运行费用的影响因素,确定出站油温和蜡层厚度为优化研究对象,在热力约束条件等约束条件下,建立了原油管道优化运行的数学模型。由于无法把优化模型中的非线性约束函数转化为线性约束函数,无法求解目标函数的一阶偏导数,本文从优化方法中选择了数值法对所建立的数学模型进行优化求解,在此基础上编写了输油管道优化运行的软件。结合实例,采用数值计算方法并用Microsoft visual basic 6.0编制程序对本文模型进行求解。计算结果表明:本文模型对影响因素反映比较全面、算法可靠、程序准确。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many crude oils produced in China are the high-pour-point waxy crude or the heavy crude with poor flour ability,so the heating transportation process are generally applied to pipeline.In recent years,the problem of low-throughput running oil pipeline has become increasingly prominent,resulting the problem of waxy pipeline become more serious.The operation cost of the waxy oil pipeline is mainly composed of power consumption cost and fuel cost.Often due to unreasonable operating parameters of the pipeline,resulting in the energy consumption of the pipeline running high,the cost is too large.Therefore,it is necessary to study on the optimization running of low-throughput waxy oil pipeline.Based on the analysis and research on the optimal work of domestic and overseas oil pipelines,with summary of practical experience,this article issues the optimal analysis for oil pipeline grounding on dynamics and thermodynamics theories.Concerning the content of this research,effects of operational charges being considered,the temperature of inlet oil,the temperature of outlet oil and wax layer thickness as research objectives,and under the comprehensive constraining conditions which include thermodynamic and hydrodynamic constraining,the mathematic mode of oil pipeline’s optimization is built.According to invalidate transform between non-linear constraining function and linear constraining function,and the disable partial differential coefficient of first order for objective function,numerical calculation method has been chosen for the built mathematic mode,meantime,a managerial software for oil pipeline’s optimization is programmed.Using numerical calculation method and Microsoft visual basic 6.0 combined with the practical example to solve the model.The results show that the model reflects all the affecting factors,calculation is reliable and program is accurate.更多还原