【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 张皓；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 前瞻记忆是人类日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,情绪又对人类起着非常重要的作用,因此研究学者逐渐开始重点研究情绪对人类各方面的的影响。纵观国内外对前瞻记忆和情绪之间的研究发现,有大部分学者主要研究的是正性情绪和负性情绪对前瞻记忆的影响,研究结果也证明了前瞻记忆会受到情绪的影响,但关于前瞻记忆是否具有情绪一致性这方面的研究却仅有几篇,目前还处于初步探索阶段。因此,本研究就在前人研究基础上增加两个不同情绪水平(低悲伤情绪、高悲伤情绪),来进一步深入探索在两种不同情绪水平下,前瞻记忆是否具有情绪一致性以及它是否会受到不同情绪状态的影响。本研究的实验设计属于单因素双水平被试间实验设计,采用的研究方法是前瞻记忆的经典双任务实验范式,首先采用视频唤醒被试的情绪,再给被试呈现记忆材料,最后让被试进行再认或回忆。通过记忆材料和被试情绪状态效价一致时的前瞻记忆成绩是否显著高于记忆材料和被试情绪状态效价不一致时的前瞻记忆成绩来判断前瞻记忆是否存在情绪一致性。实验中的情绪背景分别为两个不同水平的消极情绪:低悲伤情绪和高悲伤情绪,前瞻记忆任务分别为三个不同情绪效价的任务:积极情绪任务、中性情绪任务和消极情绪任务。因此在本实验中,共有6组被试(每组21人)分别是:低悲伤-积极组、低悲伤-中性组、低悲伤-消极组,高悲伤-积极组、高悲伤-中性组和高悲伤-消极组,本实验的自变量为前瞻记忆任务情绪效价和个体被诱发的情绪背景的一致性,而当前任务成绩和前瞻任务击中率成绩为本研究的因变量。研究结果显示:(1)在低悲伤情绪状态下,前瞻记忆存在情绪一致性逆转效应;(2)在高悲伤情绪状态下,前瞻记忆存在情绪一致性逆转效应;(3)在高悲伤和低悲伤情绪背景下,当前任务成绩与前瞻任务成绩都出现彼此消长的现象。研究结论:(1)在消极情绪背景下,前瞻记忆存在情绪一致性逆转效应。(2)前瞻记忆的消极情绪一致性逆转效应,不受消极情绪强度的影响。(3)在消极情绪背景下,回溯记忆与前瞻记忆成绩出现彼此消长的现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prospective memory is anindispensable part of human’s daily life, and human emotion plays on a very important role for us, so how the emotion impacting on all aspects of humanity has become one of the key research topics for scholars. About the studies of the relationship between prospective memory and emotion, most scholars mainly study positive emotions and negative emotions impacting on prospective memory, and the results indeed proved that emotion significantly affect prospective memory. But there are only two studies about it. It is still in the primary stage of exploration. Therefore, this study increases two additional levels of different emotions(low sadness, highsadness) on the basis of previous studies, to further explore that under two different emotions background, whether the prospective memory exists emotional consistency and whether it would be impacted by different levels of emotion.This study belongs to double levels of single factor between-subjects experimental design, and uses a classic methodology of prospective memory---dual-task paradigm. First, we used video to induced subjects’ emotions, then presented them the material consistent or inconsistent with memory, at last, asked them to perform recognition or recall. If the prospective memory test scores in consistent with memory material and emotional stateare significantly higher than scores in inconsistent with memory material and emotional, the prospective memory exists emotional consistency, on the contrary, it is the opposite. The emotional background are two different levels of negative emotions: low sadness and highsadness, and prospective memory tasks material is divided into three types of emotional state: positive emotions, neutral and negative emotion. Therefore, there are six groups(21 people in each group)of subjects: low sad sadnesspositive emotions group, low sadness- neutral emotions group, low sadness- negative emotions group, high sadness- positive emotions group, high sadness- neutral emotions group and high sadness- negative emotions group in this study. The independent variable in this experiment is consistency between emotional background and emotional state of prospective memory tasks material, and the dependent variable is hit rate of prospective task and the current task performance.The research conclusions are as follows:(1) Under the background of sadness, prospective memory exists emotional consistency reverse effect.(2) Prospective Memory’s emotional consistency reverse effect is not affected by the intensity of sadness. Both at the height of sadness and at the low of sadness, prospective memory always exist signs of emotional consistency reverse effect.(3) At high and low sad sadness background, the current task achievement and the prospectivetask achievement have appeared the phenomenon that one grows but the other decline.更多还原