不同体育项目大学生事件相关电位P300的比较研究

【作者】 刘婷婷；

【导师】 赵敬国； 曲国勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 体育硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：脑的执行控制(executive control)是脑认知功能的核心成分,执行控制包括去除多余的无关信息、抑制自动反应、协调各认知过程、优化反应方式、保证认知任务的正确完成、实现既定目标等。执行控制的核心是反应抑制(注意与抑制)和监控,也就是在处理和加工信息时区分处理有用信息和无用信息的能力,即冲突控制能力。其中,反应抑制是对即将到来的刺激信息的注意和自动反应的防止两个方面；而监控则是对记忆内容的检查以及更新。执行控制包括两个系统,一个是评估系统执行监控功能、一个是调节系统完成反应抑制。P300是指接受刺激后300ms-800ms而出现的正向波。P300对应于冲突控制理论中的调节系统,反映了执行控制中的反应抑制。众多研究显示,不同精细化程度的体育活动,对脑认知功能的影响不同。田径运动、武术散打运动、武术套路运动、体舞舞蹈运动作为不同的运动形式,其运动任务的复杂程度不同,因而投入的体力资源、精神资源不同,引起的效果也应有所不同。不同运动形式的体育项目都有一定的健身功能,但是有关多种不同体育项目对脑认知功能影响的研究在国内较少,对认知电位P300的研究就更见甚少。本文根据学生高考时的专项,选取山东师范大学长清湖校区体育学院体育教育系田径类、民族传统体育系武术散打、武术套路、艺术体育系体育舞蹈类的大二男生为受试对象,采用两两对比试验的方法,横向比较了不同体育项目对事件相关电位P300的影响,评价了不同运动形式的体育项目对脑认知功能影响效果的不同,以期能为丰富该领域知识和全民健身运动中运动处方的制定提供实验依据。对象与方法：通过宣传招募,采用人口统计学特征选取山东师范大学长清湖校区体育学院体育教育系田径类、民族传统体育系武术散打、武术套路、艺术体育系体育舞蹈类的大二男生54人,均知情同意。其中田径组(n=16)、散打组(n=14),套路组(n=17)、体育舞蹈组(n=7)。论文撰写过程中使用了文献资料法、数理统计法和实验法等研究方法。在运动人体科学实验室对受试者的事件相关电位P300指标进行一次性记录和分析。事件相关电位测试采用德国Brain Products GmbH stockdorfer straBe 54D-81475 Munich生产的Brain Vision Analyzer仪器。采用SPSS 17.0 for windows对所得数据进行描述性统计和推断性统计,组间差异显著性检验采用独立样本T检验,P<0.05表示显著差异,极P<0.001表示极显著差异,结果均以以X±SD表示。结果：(1)散打组和体舞组的正确反应时显著性缩短于田径组(P<0.05)；四组间正确操作率类似(p>0.05)。显示散打和体舞组的反应快于田径组。(2)四组受试者之间V02max的相对值以及绝对值均相近(p>0.05)；套路组握力显著性低于田径组、散打组、体舞组(p<0.05)。显示四组中套路组的握力最低。(3)在S1刺激范式(>>>>>)、S2刺激范式(<<<<<)、S3刺激范式(<<><<)、S4刺激范式(>><>>)下,四组间P300波幅和潜伏期存在一定的差异,潜伏期的差异性表现更为明显(波幅,S1,12; S2,12; S3,7; S4,3/潜伏期,S1,23; S2,22; S3,27; S4,14),但在头皮各电极点的分布上表现不一,四组间P300波幅差异多分布于Fc5、C3、Cp1、Cz点,而四组间P300潜伏期差异多分布于Fz、Fp1、Cp5、Pz、Oz、P4、P8、P7、Cp6、Fp2点。(4)四组间P300潜伏期差异性表现最为广泛的是体舞组和田径组,表现为体舞组潜伏期最长。四组间P300波幅差异性表现最为广泛的是体舞组和套路组,表现为体舞组P300波幅最大,散打组与体舞组相近。无论是P300波幅还是P300潜伏期,田径组与套路组间差异最少。结论：田径运动、武术散打运动、武术套路运动、体育舞蹈运动作为不同的运动形式,对事件相关电位P300的影响有一定的差异性,表现为其影响效果存在一定的选择性,如P300指标和头皮导联分布等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:Brain execution control is the core component of the brain is cognitive functions, including the execution control to remove excess irrelevant information, automatic suppression response, coordination of cognitive processes, optimization of reaction mode, to ensure the correct completion of cognitive tasks, to achieve the established goals. Core executive control of the reaction inhibition (attention and inhibition) and monitoring, that is, handling and processing of information processing ability to distinguish between useful information and useless information, that conflict control. Wherein the reaction is suppressed to prevent an upcoming stimulus and automatic response information note two aspects;and monitor is to check on memory contents and updates. Including two executive control system, a system to assess the implementation of the monitoring function, a system to regulate the completion of the reaction inhibition.P300 refers to 300ms-800ms after receiving stimulation while the forward wave. P300 amplitude refers to how much in an interview with a certain kind of stimulation to stimulate the brain assigned to the attention of the resources. P300 incubation period refers to the brain stimulation began to accept the stimuli used in the reaction time of the speed. P300 corresponds to a conflict control theory conditioning system, reflecting the execution control response inhibition. Many studies show that the degree of precision of different sports, different effects on cognitive function of the brain. Athletics, Martial Arts Sports, Martial Arts, Dance body movement as different forms of movement, degree of motion tasks of different complexity, and therefore different inputs of physical resources, spiritual resources, caused by the effect should also be different. Different forms of exercise sports have a certain fitness function, but studies on a variety of different sports on the brain cognitive function in the country is less,the study of cognitive potentials P300 see even more rare. According to the special student college entrance examination, and selected Shandong University Changqing Campus Lake Track and Field、Sports Institute of Physical Education Department, the Department of National Traditional Sports Martial Arts, Wushu, sophomore boys Arts Physical Education Department of Sports Dance classes for subjects using methods twenty-two comparison tests, lateral compare the effects of different sports on event-related potentials P300 and evaluate the different forms of exercise sports different on brain cognitive function in effect, in order to be able to enrich knowledge in the field and fitness sports motion prescription provide experimental evidence.Subjects and Methods:recruitment propaganda,using selected demographic characteristics Changqing, Shandong Normal University Lake Campus Physical Institute of Physical Education Department of Track and Field, National Traditional Sports Department Martial Arts, Martial Arts, Arts Physical Education Department of Sports Dance classes sophomore boys 54 people, informed consent. Wherein Athletics group(n=16),Sanda group (n= 14), the routine group(n=17), sports dance group(n=7) Study of literature, mathematical statistics and experimental method or the like. Experimental tests were completed in Changqing, Shandong Normal University Lake Campus Human Movement Science Laboratory. The subject does not perform any exercise, according to the original living habits.A one-time recording and analyzing the subject of P300 index. Event-related potential tests by the German Brain Products GmbH stockdorfer straBe 54D-81475 Munich produced Brain Vision Analyzer instrument. Using SPSS 17.0 for windows was used for descriptive statistics and inferential statistical difference between the groups was significant testing by independent sample T test, the difference was significant criteria used P<0.05, significant difference between the standards adopted P<0.001, the results were in order to represent.Results:(1) when the correct response Sanda group and member of the dance group was significantly shorter in track and field group (P<0.05); the correct operating rate among the four groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05). It shows the reaction Sanda and body dance group faster than athletics group.(2) the relative value of maximal oxygen uptake between the subject and the absolute value of the four groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05); Routine grip group was significantly lower than the other three groups (p<0.05). Display four groups grip lowest routine group.(3) stimulation paradigm in the S1 (>>>>>), S2 stimulation paradigm (<<<<), S3 stimulation paradigm (<<> <<), S4 stimulation paradigm (>> <>>) under four there are some differences in P300 amplitude and latency between the groups, the latency difference is more obvious (amplitude, S1,12; S2,12; S3,7; S4,3/latency, S1,23; S2,22; S3,27; S4,14), but each of the electrodes on the scalp distribution points were mixed, P300 amplitude differences between the four groups are distributed in Fc5, C3, Cpl, Cz points, while the P300 latency differences among the four groups are distributed in Fz, Fpl, Cp5, Pz, Oz, P4, P8, P7, Cp6, Fp2 points.(4) four groups P300 latency difference was the most widely used is the body of track and field and dance group group, dance group performance up to body latency. P300 amplitude difference among the four groups of the body was the most widely used is the dance group and routine group, showed the largest P300 amplitude body dance group, Sanda body dance group and similar groups. Whether P300 P300 amplitude or latency, between the track and field group and routine group was minimal.Conclusion:Athletics, Sanda, Wushu, sports dance movement as different forms of movement, on P300 to have some differences, show some selectivity for its existence affect the results, such as indicators and P300 scalp lead distribution.更多还原