我国长期护理保险需求与供给研究

【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 陈红；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 社会保障， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国人口老龄化程度的加深,高龄化和失能化成为老年人群的显著特征,加之家庭结构的变化、老年人医疗费用攀升等因素的影响,老年人的长期护理和照顾问题越来越突出,亟需从经济上和生活上对老年人加强保障。国外老年人长期护理保险的实施,为我国缓解老年人长期护理压力提供了思路。本文以长期护理保险为研究对象,着重分析了我国长期护理保险的需求和供给状况。从需求看,老年人迫切需要长期护理保险产品,同时对建立社会性长期护理保险的期望比较高；在保险的给付方式上,不仅希望现金给付更希望服务提供。此外,老年人的年龄、子女数量、收入水平等因素均对长期护理保险需求有一定的影响。从供给看,目前我国长期护理保险多以商业性保险产品供给为主,提供的保障多为单一的现金补偿；社会性的长期护理保险虽有所萌芽,但还处于“难产”状态,其保障范围的局限性较大。目前,我国长期护理保险存在诸多矛盾和问题,即需求与供给不匹配；公众对长期护理保险保障方式的期望多样但供给单一；长期护理保险缺乏独立的运作机制,供给依附性大;公众的长期护理保险的风险意识不强等。导致这些矛盾和问题的原因主要有：家庭非正式护理的“挤出效应”使得消费者保险意识相对较低；消费者有限的知识理性使得对商业性长期护理保险的需求不足；长期护理保险给付方式单一限制了需求的实现；长期护理保险产品依附性大,护理服务能力不足,降低了保障的效力。推动我国长期护理保险的发展,应该从两方面着手：一是强化长期护理的风险防范意识；一是明确“社商”长期护理保险的供给定位。供给的两个主体应相互配合和补充,重视政府和市场的协调发展,坚持多角色参与,走多元化供给道路。此外,借鉴国外经验,发展多层次的长期护理保险体系；要加快长期护理保险实施的外部环境建设；加强长期护理保险运行的基础设施建设；加快专业化护理人才的培养；注重建立科学的长期护理等级评估体系等。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepen of an aging population in China, aging and disability become a remarkable feature in the elderly group. Along with the change of family structure and the elderly health care costs rise, the problem of the elderly long-term care becomes more and more prominent. The implementation of the foreign elderly long-term care insurance provides a train of thought for us to reduce the pressure on the elderly long-term care in China. However, there are serious imbalance between supply and demand of the long-term care insurance in our country. This paper take the long-term care insurance in China as the research object, and focus on the analysis of the long-term care insurance supply and demand situation.In the aspect of demand, the elderly in the survey thinks that it is necessary to establish long-term care insurance and they have quite high expectations of social long-term care insurance. Also, they hope to have payment methods including cash and service. Besides, the factors such as age, number of children and income,ect. have influences on the demand of the long-term care insurance. In the aspect of supply, a lot of long-term care insurance in China at present is given priority to commercial insurance supply, and the payment method is only focus on the cash. The social long-term care insurance is just in its infancy and the coverage is limited.There are many contradictions with the comprehensive comparison between supply and demand of social insurance for long-term care in our country at present: the demand of the long-term care insurance is diversity the supply is single; the long-term care insurance is not independent and it attached to the other mechanism; the consciousness for long-term care insurance is not enough. The reason for these contradictions are different:the crowding out of the informal family care; the consumers’limited knowledge causes the lack of demand for commercial long-term care insurance; the single payment method of the long-term care insurance limits the implementation of requirements; the dependent of the long-term care insurance product reduces the effectiveness of the security.Therefore, we should guide the public to have a correct consciousness and accurate positioning of the two kinds of long-term care insurance in order to promote the development of long-term care insurance in our country. On the one hand, we should strengthen the awareness of risk prevention of long-term care; on the other hand, we should guide consumers to set up the correct thinking between commercial and social long-term care insurance. Besides, we should attache great importance to the coordination of government and market development for a more diversified supply road, and we can also draw lessons from foreign experience for the development of a multi-level long-term care insurance system. Furthermore, we should strengthen the construction of a complete system of the long-term care insurance, such as the infrastructure system, the professional talents, the assessment system of nursing level, etc.更多还原