【作者】 高超；

【导师】 董海； 刘廷辉；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着机床行业和现代机械加工技术的发展,传统通用机床已经不能满足新形势下的加工要求。为了克服通用机床的弊端,沈阳机床股份有限公司将现代加工行业分为六大类别：五金卫浴、轴承加工、普通零件、汽车&摩托车轮毂行业、刹车盘和传动轴类行业。本文针对五金卫浴行业,研发了一种更适合该行业加工模式的机床,并进行了深入分析。首先,通过对灯具和卫浴行业市场容量、产量和持续增长量调查,分析研发五金卫浴行业机床的合理性和必要性；通过调查分析客户需求,行业加工特点和加工需求等,得出五金卫浴行业机床必须具有良好密封性、快速响应性、稳定性。针对以上需求,本文设计机床采用了整体式床身和三角式斜床鞍结构,以满足整体刚性和密封性要求：采用主轴单元结构代替传统主轴结构形式,满足了机床高速旋转需求；另外,采用高加速伺服电机和30m/min快速直线导轨,以满足机床快速响应性能要求。其次,本文运用ADAMS动力学分析软件对机床切削过程进行模拟计算,分析切削过程中机床加-减速和切削力对主轴、床鞍和床身的影响,校核主伺服电机功率-扭矩是否可以满足实际加工需求。并在ADAMS切削过程模拟计算数据基础之上,采用有限元分析工具,校核床身、床鞍和主轴等的强度和刚度,保证机床主要部件应变处在合理范围之内。更进一步,本文通过机床机械系统与地面建立弹簧-阻尼自由振动系统,并在此系统之上模拟切削过程,分析了床身地角、床头箱-床身结合面、主轴单元动不平衡惯量等对切削过程的影响,为实际切削过程会出现的各种问题提供了一定的理论指导。最后,本文通过进行机床切削实验、主轴动平衡实验、表面粗糙度实验以及Cp值实验,检测了机床的实际性能和模拟计算的准确性,为机床更好地满足五金卫浴行业加工需求提供了坚实的基础。但是,在实际生产过程中,加工环境、加工参数等等都会迥异于实验状态,五金卫浴行业机床还需要大量实际应用才会暴露其一些问题,要想其达到完美的效果,还需要以后继续改进与完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of machine tool industry and modern machining technology, the old processing method has not fully adapted to the new requirements. In order to overcome the shortcomings of general machine tools, Shenyang Machine Tool Co., LTD divides the modern industry into six major categories which includes metal bathroom, bearing processing, common parts, automotive & motorcycle wheel industry, brake disc, transmission shafts industry. A new type of lathe was designed in this paper, which was more suitable for Hardware and Sanitary Industry, and also its performance had been verified.Firstly, this paper analyzed the rationality and necessity of developing hardware and sanitary machine tool, which based on the surveys of the market capacities, output and sustained growth. Additionally, the paper analyzed customs’requirements and the processing characteristics of the industry. The results has been got that the machines for this industry should have the properties of good sealing, fast response and stability. To meet the demands above, the lathe has been equipped with integrated lathe bed, the triangle saddle and 30m/min fast moving guide way.Secondly, the cutting process has been simulated in ADAMS in this paper. The impact of shaft, lathe saddle and lathe bed by the acceleration and cutting forces was analyzed. Besides, in order to ensure the deformation in reasonable scope, the strength and stiffness of the three parts have been checked by ANSYS. Further, the paper has established spring-damping vibration system between the machine mechanical system and ground. Simulation calculation of cutting process based on this system was carried out. Though analysis the influence of the angle of bed, headstock bed joint surface and other factors on the cutting process, theoretical guidance was provided for various problems on the actual cutting process.At last, some cutting experiments have been done, including the main shaft dynamic balancing test, surface roughness and Cp test, which prove the abilities of the lathe to meet the requirements. Though, there are many problems in the actual machining process, and the continuous improvement is necessary to make a perfect machine tool.更多还原