【作者】 杨毅；

【导师】 房国宾；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国经济、文化快速发展,多种新兴元素逐步渗透到社会生活中,社会纠纷、社会矛盾逐渐增多,尤其是未成年人犯罪比率呈逐年增长趋势。由于未成年犯罪人一般拥有犯罪动机单纯、自身危害性不大的特点,致使不管是在国内还是国外,司法对未成年人的特殊保护,在实体法和程序法中均有体现。而在我国现行《刑事诉讼法》中,专章提出了刑事和解制度,这为解决未成年人犯罪问题拓宽了渠道,也使未成年犯罪人能够通过刑事和解制度得到谅解,从而能更好的回归社会。可遗憾的是,虽然现行《刑事诉讼法》规定了刑事和解制度,但并没有区分成年人与未成年人的适用标准,而是采取“一刀切”的方式,这并不符合我国司法制度对未成年犯罪人适用的刑事政策,不利于保护未成年犯罪人的合法权益,因此,未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度的建立刻不容缓,全文共分四个部分:第一部分对刑事和解制度和未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度的相关概念进行阐述,提升对该制度的理论认识,再从我国的传统文化、法律法规、国家政策等角度论述未成年人刑事和解的形成基础。第二部分介绍域外法治国家未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度的司法现状,对不同法系国家的未成年犯罪刑事和解制度进行比较研究,并分析了域外国家适用该制度的特点,提出了它们之间的共性和差异,最后总结出域外国家未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度适用经验。第三部分探讨了我国未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度的实践困境,并从制度程序、适用阶段、履行义务方式等方面进行了阐述,同时从公众观念、程序立法、执法方式三个角度分析该项制度存在问题的形成原因。第四部分分析了完善未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度的必要性,并从适用原则、适用条件、适用范围、适用阶段、适用程序及履行义务方式和社区矫正等方面提出了相应的制度构想,借以完善我国未成年人犯罪刑事和解制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and culture, a variety of emerging elements gradually penetrate into social life. Social disputes and contradictions gradually increase under the influence of these emerging elements. Minor crime rate shows an increasing trend year by year in particular. Minor criminals feature pure motives and little self danger in juvenile criminal cases, which leads to both domestic and overseas judicial special protection of minors reflecting in Substantial Law and Procedural Law. In our country, the current Criminal Procedure Law has a special chapter for the criminal reconciliation system,which widens the channels for solving minor crime problems and enables minor criminals to gain the forgiveness and return to society preferably. Unfortunately, although the current Criminal Procedure Law enacts the criminal reconciliation system, it doesn’t distinguish the applicable standards of adults and minors, instead, it adopts "one size fits all" method, which doesn’t conform to the criminal policies for minor offenders in our judicial system and goes against the protection of the legal rights and interests of juvenile delinquents, therefore, the establish of the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals is urgently required.To begin with, this article discusses concepts of criminal reconciliation system and the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals, and then make a concrete analysis of both domestic and overseas judicial status of the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals,from which this text summarizes the judicial practice experience of foreign countries of laws.Finally this essay combines the practical difficulties of this system in our country and analyzes the concrete reasons and then bring forward the concepts of improving the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals in our country.This essay consists of four parts except for the introduction and conclusion.Part I. This part enhances people’s theory understanding of the system through elaboration of related concepts of criminal reconciliation system and the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals, and then discusses the forming foundation of the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals through the perspectives such as traditional culture in our country, laws and regulations and national policies.Part II. This part introduces the judicial status of the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals in foreign countries and compares the criminal reconciliation systems for minor criminals in countries of different genealogy of law. Then analyzes the characteristicsof these systems in foreign countries, from which put forward their similarities and differences. Finally, summarizes the applicable experience of the criminal reconciliation system in foreign countries.Part III. This part discusses the practical difficulties of the criminal reconciliation system in our country from the following three aspects: systematic procedure, applicable stage and fulfilling obligations. Then analyzes the reason of practical difficulties from the following three perspectives: public perception, procedural legislation and enforcement mode.Part IV. This part uses the necessity of establishing the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals as an argument and bring forward the system conception from the following five aspects: basic principles, applicable conditions, applicable range, applicable stage and applicable procedure. Then makes suggestions to improve the criminal reconciliation system for minor criminals in our country from the following two aspects: the way to fulfill obligations and community correction system.更多还原