【作者】 李旭；

【导师】 赵广耀；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 车辆工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着汽车技术的发展,汽车的行驶车速在不断提高,如何在高速行驶过程中保证汽车的行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性是至关重要的。悬架是组成整车系统的主要零部件,它影响着汽车的整体性能。空气弹簧是空气悬架系统的核心部件,影响着空气悬架的刚度、频率等特性。空气弹簧的刚度特性是悬架系统与整车性能匹配的关键因素。本文通过阅读大量文献资料,研究了膜式空气弹簧的刚度特性,分析了影响膜式空气弹簧刚度的因素。活塞形状是影响膜式空气弹簧的主要因素,不同的活塞形状对应着不同的刚度特性。膜式空气弹簧的刚度特性没有统一的标准,每种活塞形状都有相对应的刚度特性。基于膜式空气弹簧的这种特点,本文对三种不同活塞形状的膜式空气弹簧的刚度公式进行理论推导,其中,活塞作用高度与空气弹簧位移的关系是推导单气室空气弹簧刚度特性的关键因素。在推导曲线回转体形空气弹簧刚度特性时,提出分段推导活塞作用高度与空气弹簧位移的关系。在建立单气室空气弹簧的模型过程中,分析了活塞结构尺寸对单气室空气弹簧刚度特性的影响。在空气弹簧基本结构尺寸确定的条件下,活塞内锥角和活塞高度是影响单气室空气弹簧的主要因素。本文还结合多体动力学理论和单气室空气弹簧的刚度特性建立多体动力整车模型,并进行仿真分析。利用多体动力整车模型在ADAMS中进行整车仿真分析,对多体动力整车模型进行了直行加速仿真、直行制动仿真、定转弯半径仿真和转弯制动仿真四种仿真工况。分析单气室空气弹簧对整车动力特性参数的影响,以直行制动为例,与传统弹簧相比,装有单气室空气弹簧的多体整车模型降低了车身垂向位移,有效地减小了汽车俯仰角,提高了车身在制动时的抗点头性能和抗抬尾性能。分析得出结论：本文建立的单气室空气弹簧多体整车动力模型能够改善整车的运动参数,验证了所建立的单气室空气弹簧模型的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The driving speed increase continuously with the development of automobile technology, so how to ensure the ride comfort and handing stability is crucial at high speed. The suspension is the main component of the vehicle system, which affects the overall performance of the vehicle. As the core component of the suspension system, air spring affects the air suspension stiffness, frequency and other characteristics. The stiffness characteristics of the air spring is the key factor of the suspension and vehicle performance.The dissertation studied the diaphragm air spring stiffness characteristics and analyzed the impact of the factors diaphragm air spring stiffness by reading a lot of the literatures. The shape of the piston is the main factor which affect the diaphragm air spring, and the different shapes corresponding to different piston stiffness. Diaphragm air spring stiffness don’t have the uniform standard, so each piston has a corresponding shape stiffness characteristics. Three different theoretical derivation formulas were made depending on the different shapes in this dissertation, and wherein, the level of piston affect and the air spring piston displacement are the key factors in derived single-chamber air spring stiffness. Break derivation was used in derive the level of piston affect and the air spring piston displacement when derivate the rotation curve air spring stiffness. The dissertation analyzed the structure and size, which affect the single chamber air spring kinetic parameters in the establishment of the sir spring model. Cone angle of the piston and the piston height are the main factors which affect the single-chamber air spring when the basic structure of the air spring is defined. The dissertation established a multi-body system open-loop model and simulation analysis were made in corporation of the multi-body dynamics theory and single-chamber air spring stiffness characteristics.As the example of the straight-line braking, the dissertation analyzed the single-chamber air spring on the vehicle dynamic parameters characteristic. When the automotive start brake, the vehicle do pitching motion, Single-chamber air spring produce displacement, front and rear springs offset the amount of displacement, reduced the pitch angle when the vehicle brakes. Analysis concluded that, the single-chamber air spring model established in this dissertation can improve the vehicle’s motion parameters, and verified the correctness of the model established in this dissertation.更多还原