【作者】 杨颖；

【导师】 徐军华；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国改革开放以来30余年间,我国经济持续高速发展,但我国经济属于粗犷式的经济发展模式,经济的快速发展往往以破环生态环境为代价,这给我们带来了非常惨痛的教训,尤其是当前我国沿海海域遭受到了越来越严重的海洋环境污染和海洋生态破坏,给海洋生态系统的健康和人类生产生活安全产生带来了消极作用。中共“十八大”后,明确提出了发展海洋经济的要求,海洋兴国的战略逐步确立,中国尝试改变海洋管理体制并逐步调整海洋环境战略,以期形成基于生态系统管理方法的区域海洋生态环境保护管理模式来适应当前中国的海洋环境保护现状。在此背景之下,本文拟根据我国渤海生态环境保护的实际情况,运用生态系统管理方法,并借鉴国外在海洋环境立法方面对生态系统管理方法运用的实践经验,对相关的问题进行重点分析,最终提出对渤海生态环境进行区域性、综合性、适应性管理,有利于实现海洋生态环境的保护,并对海洋资源进行合理的开发和利用。按照上述思路,本文将从以下几个方面展开论述。首先,本文介绍了生态系统管理等相关理论依据,归纳出传统管理模式和生态系统管理模式的区别,根据生态系统管理在海洋保护管理中的应用和实践,从管理体制、立法和执法方面,对国外海洋环境立法实践进行比较研究,为我国解决海洋区域环境管理问题提供参考和经验。其次,结合渤海区域污染防治管理实践,据此从理论上和实践中两方面,分析在渤海环境治理上应用生态系统管理方法的必要性和可行性。最后,针对我国渤海区域生态保护管理模式和立法模式存在的问题和不足,对产生问题的原因和根源进行研究分析,并结合生态系统管理方法在国外立法实践中的经验,提出运用海洋生态系统管理完善渤海环境保护立法的对策。本文按照提出问题(我国渤海生态环境遭到严重破坏,而当前渤海生态环境面临的困境在现有的立法模式下不能得到有效解决),分析问题(从理论上和实践中两方面探讨运用海洋生态系统管理方法完善渤海环境保护立法的必要性和可行性),解决问题(实现渤海环境保护区域立法、设立渤海综合管理委员等)的思路进行。通过文献分析法、实证分析法、比较分析法等方法,指出我国渤海区域现行环境立法的不足,从立法角度研究解决这一问题的对策,目的是为了摆脱目前渤海生态环境保护的困境,构建生态海洋、和谐海洋,实现渤海海洋生态环境的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the Open-up and Reform, the development of Chinese economy has been in high speed more than 30 years. During this period, our fast-developed economy is a kind of economic pattern which is at the expense of environment, based on the rough development. The influence of the development, which has made serious damages to the ocean eco-system and human health, is very terrible, especially to our coastal waters. After 18 th CPC National Congress, with the improvement of Marine Strategic Position, China must adjust its marine environment strategy and marine management system step by step, and build up a set of systematic marine pollution control management, in order to adapt to the currency of C hinese marine environment protection. Because of the background, the thesis is to explore pollutant’s mechanism and rule which is affected by characteristics of marine environment, mutual effects between ocean engineering development and ocean environment, related strategy and measure about marine pollution protection and so on. So it proposes the measurements of the regionalization, standardization and normalization managements, in order to give a positive significance of marine environment protection and sustainable resource development.The paper gives the discussion as the following aspects.Firstly, the thesis introduces the related theory about integrated ecosystem management and summarizes the difference between the traditional management pattern and the integrated ecosystem management. O n account of the adapt and practice of an integrated ecosystem management, it gives the comparative researches to the practice of abroad marine environmental legislation, which proposes reference and experience to solve the problem of our regional marine environment management.Secondly, combined with the practice of regional Bohai pollution control management pattern, the paper, from theory and practice, analyzes the needs and feasibilities of the measures of applied integrated ecosystem management in Bohai environmental protection.Lastly, from the deficiency in regional Bohai pollution control management pattern, this thesis analyzes reasons, finds the roots of the problem and absorbs external advanced ideas and experience of management, so as to propose development direction of future regional Bohai pollution control management pattern and measures of applied integrated ecosystem management to improve Bohai sea environment protection.The paper is done by the way of proposing problem(our coastal marine environment seriously damaged but current management not preventing marine pollution effectively), analyzing the problem(exploring needs and feasibilities of applied integrated ecosystem management to improve Bohai environmental protection legislation practically and theoretically) and solving the problem(achieving regional Bohai environmental protection legislation and building Bohai integrated management committee). Through the document analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis, the thesis seeks the main existing problems and solutions in our marine pollution prevention, in order to get rid of the current predicament of marine ecosystem protection and build up ecological ocean and harmonious ocean to realize the marine sustainable development.更多还原