【作者】 杨浩；

【导师】 张京祥；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 中国式土地财政,反映的是资本、权力、社会公平与空间问题的相互渗透、共同作用,它不仅强烈地干扰和影响了城市空间快速扩张的演化过程,而且衍生出极具争议的社会空间特征,更是在舆论效应的裹挟下变得异常复杂。本文首先在辨析当前两种截然不同评价的基础上,认为土地财政不能简单的放弃,而应该随着城镇化的推进不断升级或逐渐退出。基于上述核心论断,文章以空间生产的“资本城镇化”为理论基础,揭示出我国土地财政运行的权力基础、资本逻辑与空间效应：(1)转型环境中的企业化地方政府,在分税制、二元土地结构、住房商品化等一系列制度变迁下,为土地财政资本的运动提供了权力保证,并催生出以空间扩张为主旨的增长特质。(2)以土地财政支撑的城镇化资本逻辑,可细分为彼此嵌套、相互助推的三个循环关系：工业用地的低价出让以吸引投资、追求长期利益；商业服务业与居住用地的有偿出让或以土地抵押贷款的方式,实现资本快速的原始积累；投入公共用地以建设基础设施及提供公共服务,助推土地增值、优化城市功能。但土地财政资本的非均衡配置也隐藏着固化社会分异与资本过度积累的危机；(3)与空间资本的三个循环路径相对应,城市空间表现出如下显著的效应结果：工业性用地低效蔓延式扩张、经营性用地的地价膨胀与内在失衡、城市公共品供给的整体提升与结构失调。为印证宏观层面的理论架构,并提供土地财政模式存在必要性的现实依据,文章选取完全依赖土地资产经营来实现建设目标的南京河西新城为实证案例。通过对此典型实践的定量分析与详实的过程描述,明显可以判断,在2002-2013年的河西土地财政收支行为中,充分发挥了三个循环的空间资本积累方式：以房地产财政实现建设初期的资本积累,在2005年后寻求工业等长期税收收益的保证,以及与各发展阶段相匹配的公共品供给历程。虽然指挥部对土地的经营越来越游刃有余,为新城带来振奋人心空间绩效的同时,亦面临资本过度积累、社会分配不均、政府失灵等问题。最后,本文提出公平与效率是中国式土地财政价值悖论的核心,其快速完成了上一资本城镇化阶段赋予的任务,而在新型城镇化的发展诉求下急需转型,因而相应的从权力规范、资本驾驭与空间规制三个方面提出转型的策略。文章主要分为四个章节。第一章：绪论。包括研究背景、意义、概念界定、国内外相关研究综述及文章框架。从厘清中国式土地财政的由来、激烈宏观争论等现实背景出发,点明本次研究的核心立场,并通过系统性文献综述,阐释选取空间生产理论视角的缘由。第二章：理论架构。对我国土地财政运行的权力基础与增长特征进行定性描述,由此为理解中国式土地财政在城市空间中的作用机制与效应,建构空间(再)生产的资本循环分析框架,从而揭示我国土地财政的资本配置机制、风险及显著的空间表征。第三章：实证解析。本章选取南京河西新城这一典型案例进行深入研究,从微观层面详细观察土地财政是如何驱动我国新城空间(再)生产的,并对相应的财政逻辑、空间效应等给予客观评价,以此深刻地理解我国新城土地经营的常见思路。第四章：转型策略。综合理论与实践章节的论述,阐述土地财政的价值悖论,并相应从地方政府行为、资本流动方向与规划主动应对等方面提出转型策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese-style land finance reflects the interpenetration and interaction of capital, power, social justice and space problem. It not only strongly influenced and interfered the evolution process of the urban space’s rapid expansion, and derived quite controversial social space features, even became very complicated in public opinion. On the basis of discriminating the two extremely different evaluations, this text thinks that we cannot simply abandon land finance, but should continuously upgrading or gradually retreating with the advance of urbanization.Based on the core argument above, this article taking the "capital urbanization" in the production of space as the theoretical foundation, reveals the power base, capital logic and spatial effect of land finance:(1) Local government in the institutional environment of economic transition and social transformation, coupled with a series of institutional changes such as tax federalism, land dual structure and housing commercialization, provided the power guarantee for land finance capital’s motion, and lead to spatial expansion characteristics. (2) Land finance which supported the capital urbanization, can be subdivided into three circular relationship which are nested and boosting with each other: transferring industrial land at a low price in order to attracting investment, pursuing long-term benefits, paid transferring commercial services and residential land or land mortgage loan, achieving rapid primitive accumulation of capital, putting into public land for building infrastructure and providing public services, to boost land increment and optimize the urban function. But, the unbalanced distribution of land finance capital hides some crises including curing social differentiation and over-accumulated capital. (3) Corresponding to three cyclic paths of space capital, the urban space showed significant effects as follows:inefficient and spread-type expansion of industrial land, price inflation and internal unbalance of profit-oriented land, integral lifting and structural imbalance of urban public goods.To confirm the theoretical framework in macro-level, and provide the realistic basis for the necessity of land finance, this article selected Hexi new town in Nanjing as the case which is totally depended on land asset management to achieve the construction goal. Through Quantitative analysis and detailed process description, three cyclic paths of space capital give full play in the land revenue and expenditure of Hexi new town in 2002-2003:achieving the initial capital accumulation by real estate finance, seeking long-term industry tax revenue after 2005, as well as the supply of public goods which match with the various development stages. Although the land management of the government becomes more skilled, and supports the realization of encouraging spatial performance, But also faced the problems of excessive capital accumulation, distribution unequally of social wealth, government failure. Finally, this paper presents the core value paradox of Chinese-style land financial is fairness and efficiency, it completed the task of the previous capital urbanization, but need to shift the direction under the demands of new urbanization, thus proposed transformation strategies form norms for power, control of capital and regulation of space.This article can be summed up into 4 parts.Chapter Ⅰ:Introduction. This chapter includes research background, including relative definitions, and a review of the researches from domestic and foreign and so on. It starts from Chinese-style land finance’s origin and catfight, to highlight the core position of this study, and through a systematic literature review, explaining the reason of selecting this theory.Chapter Ⅱ:Theory building. This chapter starts from the qualitative description of land finance’s power base and growth characteristics, thus to understand the mechanism and effect of land finance for the urban space production, and construct capital cycle analysis framework of the space production, which reveals the financial capital’s allocation mechanism, risk and significant spatial representation.Chapter Ⅲ：Factual analysis. This chapter introduces Hexi new town case, observing that land finance is how to drive the urban space production from the micro-level detailed, and giving an objective evaluation of the financial logic, spatial effects, etc, in order to deeply understand the common ideas of new town land management.Chapter Ⅳ. Transition strategy. This chapter integrates the discusses in the theory and practice, describes the value paradox of land finance, thus proposed transformation strategies form the local government behavior and direction of capital flows and relevant measures of urban planning.更多还原