【作者】 徐伟；

【导师】 齐明侠； 聂云飞；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 机械工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 瓦斯不仅是矿工的生命杀手,还是人类生存环境的破坏者。瓦斯气体中主要成分是甲烷。甲烷排入大气层,不仅造成环境温室效应引起气候异常,而且消耗大气平流层中的臭氧,对臭氧层的破坏能力是二氧化碳的7倍,严重危害人类健康。大口径煤矿瓦斯排放井钻机的及时研制,对解决目前大口径煤矿瓦斯排放井及救援井施工中存在的棘手问题会起到推动作用,为我国煤炭生产安全提供坚实的技术支持,为国民经济建设做出我们应有的贡献。因此,煤矿瓦斯排放井、煤矿救援井的施工给钻探工作提出了新的技术要求。一方面对钻机的能力提出了更高的要求,另一方面是适合这一领域新的钻具和钻进工艺的配套。本课题由某公司提出具体的设计参数及施工要求,研究目的为在尽可能节约成本的前提下,设计出一套完整的大口径瓦斯排放井机械钻机方案,以实现大口径瓦斯排放井的安全成功钻进及完井。论文首先要参考国内外的石油钻机、水井钻机以及煤层气钻机的发展现状,以期望对本钻机的设计与现代钻机设计技术接轨。之后进行各主要结构及组成部分的方案设计、强度校核及安全性能分析。需设计钻机的整体井架结构并进行相应的可靠性分析;按照要求,设计钻机的底座,由于其底部不需要安装防喷器,特点为整体高度较低;由石油钻井系统中,选型合适的天车、游车型号及钢丝绳绕绳方式组合;设计合理的绞车机构及搭配适当减速比的减速机构;设计钻杆驱动机构,既转盘部分的结构设计及主要零部件的强度计算校核;分析钻机的循环系统,主要是循环方案的组合,以采用新的循环工艺,满足大口径煤层气钻机的正常快速钻进;根据设计结果,通过软件Solidworks及AutoCad等绘制出整套钻机的结构模型。最后完成钻机机构的液压传动方案设计。期望设计方案能够为国内瓦斯排放井钻机的标准化进程提供参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gas is not only the killer of the miner lives, but also the destroyer of the human environment.The main component of gas is methane. Methane into the atmosphere, not only cause environmental greenhouse effect, causing climate anomalies, and consumption of ozone in the stratosphere, the destruction of the ozone layer is 7 times the amount of carbon dioxide,serious harm to human health. Timely development of the rig of large-diameter gas emissions well, to solve the large diameter of coal mine gas emission well and rescue difficult problems in the construction will play a catalytic role, provides a strong technical support for China’s coal production safety, and make our due contribution to the national economic construction. Therefore, the drilling work of coal mine gas emissions wells and relief wells puts forward a new technical requirements. On one hand, the ability to rig puts forward the higher; on the other hand is to find a suitable new drilling tools and drilling technology for this area. This paper propose specific design parameters and construction requirements by a company, the purpose of this is as far as possible under the premise of cost savings, designing a complete large-diameter gas emissions wells mechanical rig program, realization of large-diameter gas emissions well drilling and completiond successful.Firstly,the paper need to refer to the current development of domestic and foreign oil rigs, water well drilling rig and Coal-bed methane drilling rigs, to the expectations of the rig design techniques could be same level with modern design standards.Then, conduct of main structure and component of program design, strength check and Safety Performance Analysis. Need to design the whole rig derrick structure and the corresponding reliability analysis. As required,need to Designing rig’s substructure.Due to its bottom without installing BOP, Therefore, the overall height of the base is low. By the oil drilling systems, select a suitable crown block, traveling block and rope roping combination. Designed the appropriate winch agencies and the eduction mechanism. Designed driving mechanism of drill pipe, including turntable parts of the structure design and strength calculation and checking of main components. Analysis rig circulatory system, primarily combined-cycle programs to adopt a new cycle technology to meet the normal rapid large-caliber coal-bed methane drilling rig.According to the results of the design through software such as AutoCad and Solidworks draw the structure model of the whole rig. Finally, complete the drilling mechanism of hydraulic transmission scheme design. Expected to provide reference designs for the standardization process of the domestic gas emissions well driller rig.更多还原