【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 唐秀华；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 马克思主义理论·马克思主义基本原理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 科学技术消除社会物质匮乏、促进现代化发展的同时也给人们带来了新的困境,高度的物质文明与精神痛苦成为发达工业文明社会的两极现象,西方近代哲学不同派别的学者对这一问题进行了研究,其中,创建于20世纪20年代的法兰克福学派是具有重大理论贡献和影响力的哲学派别之一。赫伯特·马尔库塞(Herbert Marcuse,1898—1979)作为法兰克福学派的主要代表人物,他对发达工业社会的统治机制进行分析研究,认为技术理性意识形态业已成为一种新的社会操控形式,各种否定性因素被消解或整合,整个现代社会和人都表现出单向度的维度。在缺乏否定性与超越性的社会如何实现人类彻底的解放,马尔库塞进行了一种乌托邦式的展望,试图通过美学培育“新感性”和具有“新感性”的“新人”,以达到真正解放被压抑的人性。现代性问题是马尔库塞的政治哲学思想的逻辑起点与话语中心,其政治哲学思想是对现代性问题的一种存在主义的表达方式。马尔库塞在批判性的继承海德格尔、黑格尔、弗洛伊德、马克思以及霍克海默等人的思想的基础上,分析当代发达工业文明新的困境,从心理学角度分析了科学技术操控大众的政治功能和美学保存并导向自由的政治功能,继承了马克思主义的社会批判精神。但是,马尔库塞的政治哲学思想也有自身的理论缺陷和乌托邦的性质,主要表现为简单的从心理、精神的角度来分析社会现存,脱离了马克思主义,忽视了社会物质生产的现实,在革命主体问题上又陷入了形而上学的思辨,使其政治哲学理论成为一个无法实践的空想。马尔库塞的政治哲学思想为我们看待和解决当下社会问题提供了新视野和新思路,具有重要的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Science and technology eliminate the lack of social material and promote the development of modernization, at the same time, it also gave people a new dilemma. High material civilization and spiritual pain have become the two extremes in the developed industrial civilization. The modern western philosophy and the scholars of the different groups were studied, on this issue, the Frankfurt school founded in 1920 s, is one of the schools of philosophy is of great theoretical contribution and influence. Herbert Marcuse(1898- 1979) as one of the main representatives of the Frankfurt school, he developed industrial society governance mechanism of analysis and research, think technology rational ideology has already become a new form of social control, all kinds of negative factors have been digestion or consolidation, the modern society and showed the one-way dimension. In the absence of negativity and transcendence of society and how to realize the complete human liberation, Marcuse was a utopian outlook, trying to through the aesthetic cultivation of "new sensibility" and "new sensibility" of the "new people", in order to achieve true liberation of the oppressed humanity.Modernity is the logical starting point of Marcuse’s political philosophy thought and discourse center, whose political philosophy is an existential expression of modernity. On the basis of Heidegger, Hagel, Freud, Marx, Hawke Heimo and Marcuse thought, analysis the new dilemma of contemporary developed industrial civilization, from a psychological point of view analysis of the science and technology control the masses political function and aesthetics preserve and lead to free political function, inherited the spirit of social criticism of Marxism. But Marcuse’s thought of political philosophy has its theoretical defects and utopian nature, mainly from the psychological and spiritual perspective to analyze the existing social, out of touch with the Marxist position, ignore the reality of social material production, and on the subject of revolution,it has been caught up in metaphysics, which make his political philosophy theory become a dream that can not be put into practice. Marcuse’s political philosophy provides a new perspective and a new idea for us to treat and solve the current social problems, which has important significance.更多还原