【作者】 杨波；

【导师】 杨小明；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 科学技术史， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 我国近代植物学的开创者胡先骕先生,既是一位科学家,也是一位人文学者,同时还是一位卓有建树的管理者。曾两次赴美留学的胡先骕创办了国内首个生物研究机构,并编撰许多植物学著作。除此之外,还翻译西学著作,著述大量论文诗文。为求以大公至正、不偏不激之态度发扬国学,介绍西学,胡先骕参与撰编发行了《学衡》杂志。胡先骕本着对科学精神和人文精神的双重追求,他把这种追求致力于中国传统文化的坚持和教育事业中。胡先骕秉承新的文学创作及文化必须源于传统,因而他强烈反对胡适等人鼓吹的全盘西化论,并批评新文学倡导者对待传统文化的偏激之举。作为爱国知识分子,胡先骕参与了多项科学活动,为我国科学事业发展做出了卓越的贡献。作为我国近代科学教育家,胡先骕坚持科学和人文的教育理念,并将其人文理念融入教育实践之中,致力于人的素质提高的人文主义理念,由此胡先骕批判地吸收了新人文主义的理论与实践成果,形成了自己独有的以人文教育为核心的现代中国教育观。民国时期中国政局动荡,科学技术发展更是步履蹒跚,部分有识之士以及先进知识分子不断探索,追求科学的脚步,胡先骕就是其中最为杰出的一位。本文通过梳理并分析胡先骕的生平事迹和主要科学活动,力图系统地研究这位科学家的科学思想;并结合其科学和教育实践,彰显其在中国科学技术发展史、中国教育史及中国科学思想史所起的作用。同时,作为研究胡先骕学术的一个重要方面,胡先骕的科研工作从另一个侧面反映了当时国人学习科学与文化、追求民主自由的心路历程。本论文的研究工作,一方面可以补充在以往科技史方面很少涉及到的胡先骕的科学思想,以及对于胡先骕对中国科学技术发展史所起的作用的研究,从而在科技观方面重新审视和定位历史人物,作出更为客观、更为全面、更为公正的评价;另一方面,借鉴前人的正确经验,挖掘资料和文献,剖析、展示胡先骕作为一名生物学家、教育家、思想家、文学家所具有的重要的历史价值和时代意义。同时,以史为鉴、借古喻今,对胡先骕的研究有助于我们在今后的科学学习和科学研究中少走弯路,学习胡先骕将科学知识和爱国热情融于自身,进而重新正视和规划我们今天的科学发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hu Xiansu, who was a scientist, humanities scholar, and an outstanding administrator as well.He had twice gone to study in United States and founded the first Chinese biological research institutions. He compiled many botanical books, in addition also translated Western books, works the poetry. For the sake of the positive attitude of impartial to promoting the Chinese culture and introduce the Western Learning, Hu Xiansu participated in written compilation and released the magazine of Xue Heng. As a patriotic intellectual, Hu Xiansu took part in many scientific activities, made outstanding contributions to scientific enterprise development in our country. As the pioneer of modern botany in China, in line with the double pursuits of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, Hu Xiansu devoted the pursuits of himself to the persistence of the Chinese traditional culture and education career. He insisted that the new literary creation and culture must be derived from tradition, thus he opposed the view of total Westernization what Hu Shi and other scholars preached. Meanwhile, he criticized the extreme behavior that the new literature advocators treated the traditional culture. After summarizing the papers by Hu Xiansu proposed in the magazine of Xue Heng, it was found that Hu Xiansu adhered to the science and the humanities education idea, and put his ideas into education, dedicated to the spiritof humanism in order to improve people’s quality. Hu Xiansu absorbed the new humanism and its practice achievements critically, and formed his own unique modern Chinese education perspective that humanities education as the core.In the Republic of China, China’s political turmoil, science and technology is stalled, only a small part of the people who was insight and advanced intellectuals continue to explore, to pursue scientific footsteps, Hu Xiansu is one of them. This paper by the way of detailed introducing Hu Xiansu’s life and historical background, and the scientific activities he participated in. Trying to systematically study the scientific thought of the scientist; and combined with Hu Xiansu’s scientific and educational practice, highlighting the influence in history of development of science and technology in China, Chinese education history and the scientific thought history in China. At the same time, as an important aspect of Hu Xiansu academic study, Hu Xiansu’s research work reflected the experience of people who study science and culture, and pursue the democracy and freedom from the other side. The research of this dissertation on one hand could replenish the missing part of Hu’s scientific thoughts and scientific methods in history of science and technology study, so that reexamine and localize historical figure, to evaluate Hu Xiansu more objective, more comprehensive and more equitable; On the other hand, via excavating reference materials and literature, showing Hu Xiansu’s historical value and realistic significance.更多还原