【作者】 杨迪；

【导师】 唐华风；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 松辽盆地南部地区具有较大的勘探潜力。近年来,在该区火山岩勘探中获得重大突破,但由于火山岩储层具有岩石类型多样、非均质性强、成岩作用复杂等特点,不利于火山岩油气藏的勘探与开发。因此本文针对该区存在的这些制约勘探开发的问题,利用岩心手标本观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和压汞测试等分析手段,对松辽盆地南部火山岩的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、微观孔隙结构特征、成岩作用和物性特征等方面进行了综合研究,总结了有利储层的控制因素及分布规律,得出如下认识:火山岩储集空间可分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、裂缝三类10个亚类。储集空间的形成与分布受岩性岩相、成岩方式控制。研究区火山岩可划分为四大类22小类,以火山熔岩类为主;岩相主要为五大类12亚相,以喷溢相为主。研究区火山岩伴随成岩演化作用过程的进行,在经历了挥发分逸出、埋藏压实、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用后,储集空间主要表现为原生孔隙的残留及次生孔隙大量发育,其中挥发分逸出、脱玻化、溶蚀等成岩作用可提高储层储集性;压实压溶、交代等成岩作用会导致储层物性降低。物性研究表明本区孔隙度主要集中在2%~15%之间,渗透率大多介于0.01×10-3~0.12×10-3μm2之间,整体表现为特低-较高孔,特低-低渗的特点。微观孔隙结构研究表明本区火山岩孔隙结构以Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类为主,具有孔喉较大、分布范围较广的特点、分选较好,排驱压力较大等特点,因此研究区火山岩的大孔隙受到小喉道的控制,孔隙中流体不易采。本文研究认为本区火山岩有利储层主要受岩性岩相、成岩作用的共同控制;基于地震解释、岩芯及铸体薄片观察、测井数据的综合解剖,对酸性、中性熔岩流的有利储层分布规律进行研究。酸性熔岩流顶部储集空间类型多样,有利储层主要分布于该类熔岩流的顶部;中性熔岩流顶部易发育风化壳,各类溶蚀孔和裂缝较发育,底部致密,由测井资料可知上部中高孔-中高渗、下部中低孔-中低渗,该类熔岩流的有利储层主要分布于顶部。更多还原

【Abstract】 The southern area of Songliao basin has large exploration potential. In recent years, the exploration of volcanic rocks in this area gained great breakthrough, however, volcanic reservoir has the characteristics of multiple rock types, strong heterogeneity, complex diagenesis which are unfavorable to volcanic rock reservoirs exploration and development. So this paper in view of the problems of exploration and development of these constraints, by using core observation, casting thin sections identification, scanning electron microscope and mercury injection test and analysis methods to study volcanic rock reservoir petrology characteristics, reservoir space types, microscopic characteristics, diagenesis, pore structure and physical characteristics in the south Songliao basin and summarize the control factors and distribution of favorable reservoir. It can be concluded as following:Volcanic rock reservoir space can be divided into primary porosity, secondary porosity, fractures 3 classes, 10 subclasses. The formation and distribution of reservoir space are controlled by lithological facies and diagenetic mode. Volcanic rocks in this area can be divided into 4 categories, 22 subcategories which mainly are volcanic lava; Volcanic facies can be divided into 5 categories 12 subcategories which mainly are eruption facies. Volcanic rocks in this study area with diagenetic evolution process, after experiencing volatile release, burial compaction, cementation, dissolution and diagenesis. The reservoir space is mainly the residues of primary pores and secondary pores, and volatile escaping, devitrification, dissolution can improve reservoir properties, while the diagenesis of compaction, pressure solution and replacement may increase the reservoir properties. The study of petrophysical this area shows that the porosity range is between 2% ~ 15%, permeability range is between 0.01x10-3 ~ 0.12x10-3μm2, which can be concluded that the characteristics of porosity and permeability in this area is high performance, low-porosity, low-permeability. Microscopic pore structure study shows that volcanic rocks pore structure in this area are mainly classe Ⅲ and class Ⅳ which have the characteristics of large pore throat, widely distribution and great displacement pressure, so the macropores in volcanic rocks in this study area is controlled by the small throat, and the fluids in pores cannot be easily produced.In this paper, the author believed that volcanic rocks in this area are mainly controlled by the lithology-lithofacies and diagenesis. The study of favorable reservoir distribution pattern of acid, intermediate lava flow is based on the seismic interpretation, cores and casting thin sections observation and logging data. The favorable reservoir of acid lava flow supposed to distribute at the top where developed various types of reservoir space. The favorable reservoir of intermediate lava flow also mainly distributed at the top where weathered crust can be easily developed included dissolved pores and fractures whereas the bottom is tight. Also, the top of intermediate lava flow belongs to mid-high porosity and permeability and the bottom belongs to mid-low porosity and permeability.更多还原