【作者】 刘霞；

【导师】 程永安；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 南瓜(Cucurbita maxima)是我国重要的菜粮兼用蔬菜且被广泛种植于世界各地。目前,关于南瓜塑料大棚高产栽培关键技术标准正在进一步摸索中。在生产上为了实现南瓜营养生长与生殖生长的关系处于合理状体,本试验以南瓜品种‘永安二号’(印度南瓜)、‘迷你玉’和‘迷你桔’为试材,研究在南瓜幼苗期进行整枝打杈、选用不同植物生长调节剂(乙烯利、增瓜灵、多效唑等)诱导大棚南瓜雌花发生、控制营养生长和保花保果。探讨其对南瓜生长发育及产量的影响,以便为春秋季塑料大棚南瓜优质、高效栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:1.永安2号南瓜经过2~3次整枝打杈后,双蔓整枝方式较单蔓整枝方式单株产量高1.32kg,第一雌花节位降低0.2节,可提早2~3天开花,虽单双蔓整枝方式密度不同,但相同面积下,双蔓整枝方式亩产约达5016kg,单蔓整枝方式则为3078kg。2.南瓜幼苗期用增瓜灵、乙烯利诱导雌花与对照相比,能够明显降低第一雌花节位、提早开花和增加雌花数;6~8叶期起喷施5g/L增瓜灵处理效果显著,较对照第一雌花降低3.84节位,提早5~7天开花,雌花数增加了87.47%;4~5叶起施用100 mg/L乙烯利处理效果极显著,第一雌花降低2.84节位,提早4~5天开花,雌花数增加了54.50%;其它各处理间效果不显著。3.叶面喷施不同浓度的矮壮素和多效唑对南瓜植株形态指标影响不同,浓度越高,抑制营养生长效果越明显。其中用500 mg/L的多效唑可明显缩短南瓜叶节间长度,较对照降低99.17cm;喷施200 mg/L矮壮素控制生长效果最佳,叶色深绿,10~30叶节间长度降低50.17cm,叶柄和叶片均有缩小,但差异性不大。4.在南瓜植株开花当天或开花前1-2天涂抹或浸蘸齐剂、果霉宁和坐果灵与对照组相比均有明显的保果作用,其中涂抹齐剂的效果最佳,单株坐果率和产量也高:永安2号、迷你桔和迷你玉三种南瓜的坐果率分别增加了12.88%、54.14%和45.98%,因此,单株南瓜坐果率及产量由高到低的顺序依次为齐剂>坐果灵>果霉宁。5.涂抹柱头和涂抹子房的保果方式与人工授粉和自然状态下的植株相比,涂抹柱头的方式可明显提高南瓜单株坐果率,并获得高产;人工授粉的效果次之,其单株南瓜大小均匀、色泽光亮、产量高。而涂抹子房方式的效果不明显,单株南瓜大小不一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pumpkin(Cucurbita maxima) is not only an important vegetables of grain and vegetable in our China, but also universal cultivated all over the world. At present, It is being further explored to the standard of key techniques for high yield cultivation of pumpkin in plastic.In this study,Different pruning ways and the various plant growth regulator(ET,CCC,PB.etc.) induced the development of female flowers,controlled vegetative growth and protection of flower and Fruit to complete the vegetative and reproductive growth and being in reasonable state.The research was used ’Yong’an NO.2’(the type of Cucurbita maxima),’mini Jade’ and ’mini oranges’ experimental materials, treated with different chemicals in the pumpkin seedling and blossom fruit period. To explore the effect of the growth and yield of pumpkin, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the quality and high efficiency cultivation of plastic greenhouses in autumn. The main results are as follows:1. After 2~3 times of pruning on Cucurbita maxima of Yong’an NO.2, The double vine pruning of the yield of per plant are higher1.32 kg,the first female flower node lowered 0.2 and 2~3 days flower earlier than one wine with one guard.Although the single and double pruning density is different, the double vine pruning yields up to 5016 kg, the single vine pruning is 3078 kg per mu.2. It can significantly reduce the node of first flower, early flowering and increase the number of female flower that with Zenggualing, ethephon induced the development of female flower compared with the CK in pumpkin seedlings;Especially, with5g/L Zenggualing treatment have significantly effect at the 6~8 leaf stage:To compare the CK, the first flower reduce 3.84 nodes, 5~7 days earlier flowering, the number of pistillate flowers increase 87.47%;Application of 100 mg/L ethephon treatment reception is very significant at the 4~5 leaf stage, the first female flower reduce 2.84 nodes, early 4~5 days to flowering, number of pistillate flowers increase 54.50%; Among the other treatments results is not significant.3. Application of different concentrations of PB and CCC have a great impact that the higher the concentration, the more obvious the effect of inhibiting nutrition growth on the morphological indicators of pumpkin plant.One of the 500mg/L PB can significantly get shorter the length of leaf segment and lower 99.17 cm than the CK in pumpkin; the control effect is the best with 200mg/LCCC.meanwhile,dark green leaves,the length of stator solidity reduce 50.17 cm between 10~30 nodes, petioles and leaf blades were reduced, but poor little diversity.4. Three kinds of chemicals(Qiji,Zuoguoling and Guomeining)have a significant role in flower and fruit retention compare to CK when the day or 1~2 days before blossom dip it in pumpkin plant.meanwhile,Qiji has an effect to increase the fruit-setting rate and high yields:three varieties of pumpkin(Yong’an NO.2,’mini Jade ’and’ mini ’oranges)respectively increase 12.88%,54.14% and 45.98%. Therefore, the order of fruit-setting rate and the yield of per plant from high to low is Qiji> Zuoguoling >Guomeining.5.Compared to the artificial pollination and natural state,the way of applying the stigma can significantly improve the rate of pumpkin fruit-setting per plant and get high yield; while,the reception of artificial pollination times, in which the fruit is uniform size, bright color, high yield in pumpkin plant. But the way of applying the ovary lead in low fruit-setting rate effect is not obvious, and the size of fruit is not consistent.更多还原