【作者】 陈娟；

【导师】 司汉武；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 社会工作理论与方法（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 2014年年底,中国的老年人口达到了2.12亿,成为了世界上第一个老年人口突破2亿的国家。据相关专家预测,20年后,中国的老年人口数量将突破3.5亿,到2050年,将超4亿人。简单来说,现在每十个中国人里就存在一个老年人。据预测,在40年以后,每十个中国人中就将有四个老年人。可以说,中国的养老形式是越来越严峻了,而中国老年人口的绝大多数居住在农村,农村家庭养老的老年人常因年老疾病、脱离工作岗位、经济贫困等原因而引发自卑、麻木、冷漠、孤独、敌视等一系列的心理问题。农村老年人的养老问题已然成为困扰亿万家庭和社会的大难题。在社会工作中,农村老年人将不可回避的成为重点服务对象之一,而在社会工作中个案工作是其重要方法之一。因此,化解农村养老问题,无疑可以以农村老年人家庭为对象,以个案工作方法作为具体介入方法。就家庭社会工作而言,不难理解是以家庭为中心而提供的家庭服务,它面向家庭中的所有成员,从整体家庭出发促进家庭关系的和谐,这样的社会工作介入可以改善日常家庭生活,帮助家庭在面临家庭问题时能够更好地去解决问题、化解问题,确保家庭功能的正常发挥。这样的“帮助”,以家庭社会工作为视角,视个人困难为家庭共同面对的困难,解决个别成员的困难,可以使其更好地发挥在整个家庭中扮演的角色,这样的困难往往来自非功能性的家庭。所以这就要求家庭社会工作者能够介入到整个家庭,而不是只面对和服务于个人。社会工作者在家庭工作方法中,与家庭养老的农村老年人家庭成员之间维持的是面对面的专业关系,需要充分运用社会心理学等专业的理论知识与技巧,为家庭养老的农村老年人家庭成员提供人格支持和心理帮助,协助他们改变认知,提高适应环境的能力,增进社会适应,促进人格的成长与完善。家庭社会工作不仅帮助家庭养老的农村老年人解决眼前的相关问题、克服存在的困难,还要帮助他们挖掘自身潜能,家庭优势,促进个体的全方位发展,实现家庭功能的增能。本研究立足农村家庭养老问题,选取地处长三角地带的江苏省张家港市杨舍镇为研究对象进行实地调查,并走访和调查了对该地家庭养老的60周岁以上的老年人和村委会工作人员,调查老年人的生存现状,调查中的每一个老年人都是真实存在的独立个体,具有该地区农村家庭养老的普遍性和特殊性。故而本研究以家庭社会工作为介入方法,通过多渠道、多角度掌握案主相关资料,以实际案例为对象分析,针对具体问题深入分析,制定服务方案与计划,帮助案主提高分析和解决问题的能力。通过个案的介入,了解家庭社会工作介入农村家庭养老的必要性,完善农村老年人家庭养老的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The end of 2014, China’s elderly population has reached 212 million, becoming the world’s first elderly population exceeded 200 million countries. According to experts predict that 20 years later, the number of China’s elderly population will exceed 350 million by 2050, it will exceed 400 million people. In simple terms, it is now out of every ten people in China there is an old man. It is predicted that 40 years later, China will have four out of every ten people in the elderly. We can say that China is more and more severe form of pension, while the vast majority of Chinese elderly population living in rural areas, the Rural Family Endowment elderly often due to diseases of old age, from work due to economic poverty caused by low self-esteem, numbness, apathy, loneliness, hostility and a series of psychological problems. Rural elderly pension problem has become plagued millions of families and society major problem. In social work, the rural elderly will become an unavoidable one of the key clients, while in the case work in social work is one of the important methods. Therefore, to resolve the problem of rural old-age undoubtedly rural elderly households targeted to specific casework as a method of intervention methods.On family social work, it is not difficult to understand family-centered family services provided, it is for all members of the family, from the whole family to promote a harmonious family relations, social work such interventions can improve everyday family life, help families in the face of family problems better able to solve problems, resolve problems and ensure the normal functioning of the family functions. This "Help" family social work perspective, personal difficulties, as the difficulties families face together and solve problems of individual members, you can make a better play the role of the entire family, such difficulties often come from non-functional families. So this requires family social workers involved in the whole family, not just the face and personal service.Social workers in the family working methods, between the rural elderly family members, family pension and maintain professional relationships are face to face, we need to make full use of the theory of social psychology and other professional knowledge and skills for the rural elderly households Family Support personality and psychological support members provide assistance to help them to change their perception, improve the ability to adapt to the environment, enhance social adaptation, to promote personal growth and improvement. Family social work not only helps rural elderly family pension solve the immediate problem, overcome difficulties, but also to help them tap their own potential, home advantage, and promote all-round development of the individual, the family can achieve increased functionality.This study was based on the Rural Family pension problem, select the zone is located in the Yangtze River Delta city of Zhangjiagang in Jiangsu Province Yangshe field investigations for the study, and visited and investigated the family pension to 60 years of age or older and village staff to investigate the survival status of the elderly, independent investigation of each individual older people are real, with universality and particularity of the region rural family Support. Therefore this study, family social work intervention methods, by means of multi-channel, multi-angle grasp case subject relevant information on practical cases the object analysis, in-depth analysis on specific issues, the development of service programs and programs to help the case main increase analyze and solve problems Ability. By intervention of the case, the need to understand the family involvement in social work in rural family pension, improve the rural elderly family pension countermeasures.更多还原