【作者】 杨鹏；

【导师】 杨福增；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 机械工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 我国传统果园生产上采用的建园模式主要是密植型种植,随着果树树龄的增长,不少老果园出现了郁闭现象,果园内部空间狭小、封闭,给果园施药作业实现机械化提出了挑战。现阶段我国传统果园施药机械多以背负式和手持式喷雾机为主,存在作业效率低、施药效果差,对作业人员身体伤害严重等问题。近年来国内外一些公司研制的果园风送式喷雾机,提高了作业效率和防治效果,但因体积大,无法进入空间狭小的郁闭型果园。如何解决该问题,也成为传统果园实现植保机械化的一个难题。本论文为解决此难题,遵循农机与农艺相结合原则自行研究和设计了适应郁闭型传统果园种植模式的微型遥控风送弥雾机(以下简称“弥雾机”),并通过试验,探寻在风力辅助下药液的垂直分布、雾滴覆盖率及其影响因素;同时,结合传统果园较为复杂的地面状况,对该弥雾机通过性及越障性能进行了试验研究。具体研究工作如下:1.确定了一种适用于我国郁闭型果园的弥雾机方案。通过调查比较国外先进风送式弥雾机的性能特点和设计方案,结合我国郁闭型传统果园的实际园艺特点,确定了微型遥控牵引式果园定向风送弥雾机总体方案。该弥雾机结合本课题组“微型遥控动力机”外形尺寸小、操作方便、人机分离等特点,将其作为弥雾机牵引机。结合传统果园内部空间高度不足1.2m、枝叶繁茂特点,分析比较国内外风冷式发动机,将体积小、转速高作为弥雾机喷药动力机衡量指标。确定弥雾机自带动力输出、风机后置、异形药箱等布置方式,设计出单动力输入、多动力输出的传动模式,确定动力传递路线,使风机、液泵获得各自所需的功率和工作速度(风机实现0~2400r/min无级变速,液泵最大转速960r/min),保证各部分结构紧凑、工作协调。2.针对郁闭型果园的果树空间狭小的特点,设计一种结构紧凑、体积小、效率高的圆环风送风机。利用风机喷出的气流对雾滴进行二次雾化并辅助输送,提高雾滴沉积率、喷雾效率以及农药利用率。设计了环形喷洒装置,分布于风机出口处。环形喷头组与交叉冠层形成的弧形相对应,每个喷头设有独立开关,可实现“优弧型”喷雾。3.针对我国郁闭型传统果园内部空间狭小、枝叶交叉郁闭的特点,分析弥雾机通过性的几何外形参数,通过试验验证了牵引机-弥雾机整个机组的通过性能和越障性能。4.通过采用变量可控的垂直分布仪进行弥雾机垂直分布试验,探寻郁闭型果园在风力辅助喷药情况下雾滴的垂直分布规律。设置不同弥雾机相关技术参数组合,通过数据整理分析,寻找到最优参数组合下(施药距离1m、喷雾压力3.5MPa),对应的雾滴垂直分布量(4号收集板59.60ml)。5.以雾滴覆盖率、穿透性作为弥雾机果园喷药作业性能的评价指标,对弥雾机进行实际田间试验,检验弥雾机的雾滴覆盖率和穿透性,分析弥雾机实际喷药效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s traditionalorchard is the dense planting percent, model mainly used in the production of planting, as the growth of the tree fruit trees, a lot of old orchard in the canopy closure phenomenon, orchard internal space is narrow, closed, poses challenges to the orchard to realize mechanization operation.More traditional orchard pesticide machinery in our country at present stage is given priority to with knapsack sprayer, hand-held spray machine, working efficiency is low, the pesticide effect is poor, serious bodily injury to the operator to administer. At home and abroad in recent years some companies to develop the wind to send type sprayer, improves the work efficiency and control effect, but the volume is big, cannot enter self-cultivating orchard in the narrow space. How to solve the problem, but also the traditional garden plant protection mechanization implementation of a problem. In this paper to solve the above problem to research and design to adapt to the traditional closed type of orchard planting patterns miniature remote control wind mist feeding machine. In line with the principle of combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, based on the development to adapt to our country traditional closed type planting patterns of miniature remote control wind mist feeding machine, and explore the wind assisted solution on fruit trees cover rule and its influencing factors. The specific research work are as follows:1. Through investigation and study to determine a suitable for our country closed type mist machine scheme of orchard, investigation compares the foreign advanced wind sent the design scheme and performance characteristics of mist machine, at the same time, combined with China’s actual gardening characteristics of closed type traditional orchards, determines the miniature remote control traction type orchard directional wind send mist machine operator. Comparative analysis of the air-cooled engine both at home and abroad, small size, high speed, chosen as the mist spraying machine engine.Determine the mist machine comes with power output, rear fan, special-shaped box arrangement, design the single power input, output power transmission mode, dynamic route is determined, the fan and pump power and speed of their(fan implement 0 ~ 2400 r/min infinitely variable speed, pump maximum speed of 960 r/min), ensure that each part of the structure is compact, work coordination.2. According to the characteristics of the closed type orchards of fruit trees in the narrow space, the design of a compact structure, small volume, high efficiency of circle wind blower. By the wind to send type spray using airflow of droplets secondary atomization and auxiliary transmission, improve the efficiency of cloud droplets, spray deposition rate and utilization rate of pesticides. Fan was determined by the theoretical calculation of main technical parameters, and the internal flow characteristic and the structure is analyzed and calculated. Design the annular spray device, distributed in the fan at the exit. Annular nozzle group and the arc of the formation of cross crown should be relatively, each nozzle is equipped with independent switch, which can realize the optimal arc spray.3. According to our country’s internal space is narrow, closed type traditional orchard leaves the characteristics of the cross canopy closure, analysis of mist machine through the shape of the geometric parameters, yuexiang dose is verified by theoretical calculation and experiment with the mist machine center of gravity change rule and tractor with mist through the performance of the whole unit and the obstacle-surmounting performance.4. Through experiment for closed type orchard in the case of wind assisted spraying droplets of vertical distribution, using variable controlled the vertical distribution of instrument, mist machine vertical distribution experiment was carried out; Set different mist machine technical parameters combination, through the analysis of the data to find the parameters under the combination of the optimal amount of vertical distribution of droplets(1 m distance, applying pesticide spray pressure 3.5 MPa).5. To test real spraying mist machine performance, the actual field experiment was carried out, the droplets coverage, penetrating as mist machine orchard spraying operation performance evaluation index, analysis of the actual effect of spraying mist machine.更多还原