【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 郭东伟； 马向峰；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 为了适应玉米生产方式的转变,满足玉米生产全程机械化的需求,以早熟耐密宜机收品种筛选入手,开展了玉米品种比较试验,以产量、生育期和籽粒含水量为指标,筛选出陕单636玉米新品种,通过不同类型玉米品种的密度试验,明确陕单636的早熟耐密生理特征和适宜种植密度,并在不同生态区进行了多点生产示范,为陕单636玉米品种的大面积推广提供科学依据。研究结果如下:1.以产量和收获时籽粒含水率、产量和变异系数为参数,结合田间植株生长表现,综合评价了2014年4个地点的38份新组合,结果显示,筛选出的新组合SDJ18(陕单636)和SDJ25,变异系数低,产量稳定性好,籽粒含水率低于平均值23.4%,收获时果穗性状良好,籽粒脱水性能好。2.通过调查2015年陕西省玉米机收区域试验参试品种的产量与生育期可以看出,陕单636的产量水平与先玉335差异不显著,陕单636的平均生育期比对照先玉335分别短1.1天和7天。3.从2015年6个品种3个地点4种密度试验可知,在不同密度条件下,陕单636的产量水平、籽粒含水率与对照先玉335差异不显著,在7.5×104株/hm2密度下,陕单636产量最高且籽粒含水率最低。陕单636玉米品种不同密度试验表明,在高密度条件6.0×104株/hm2-13.5×104株/hm2水平下,其产量均达到0.9×104kg/hm2以上,种植密度在12.0×104株/hm2水平下产量最高,为1.07×104kg/hm2。通过以上两个试验综合分析得出,早熟耐密宜机收玉米新品种陕单636的适宜种植密度为7.5×104株/hm2。4.新品种田间现场验收试验中,陕单636亩产超过1.5×104kg/hm2,籽粒含水率低于22%,与对照品种陕单609相比,显示出较高的生产潜力和良好的籽粒脱水性能。5.陕单636品种生理特性分析表明:在高密度条件下,陕单636仍然能保持较高的花后干物质积累量,花后干物质快速积累与籽粒产量的形成相同步;在4种密度下,陕单636的籽粒灌浆活跃期(P)最长,均大于40天;在4种密度下,不同玉米品种脱水均呈“快-慢-快-慢”的趋势,且所有参试品种在9月15日-20日脱水最快,陕单636在7.5×104株/hm2密度下,于9月27日-10月7日脱水速度较快。6.榆林、宜君、旬邑3个示范点示范效果表明,在高密度条件下,陕单636产量高于对照先玉335且籽粒含水率低于先玉335,抗倒伏能力强,机械收获时籽粒破碎率低。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to transform the methods of maize production and meet the demand for mechanization, a comparative test among different maize cultivars was carried out with parameters involving yield, growth period, grain moisture to select superior maize cultivars with precocity, density-resistance and mechanization yield. The preferable maize cultivar Shaandan 636 was acuqired and it showed its physiological properties and the suitable growth density as well as processing multi-point model production demonstration in different ecological zones through the density experiment in different maize types. Overall, it provided a scientific evidence for the promotion of Shaandan 636.The results are as following:1.a comprehensive evaluation of 38 new combinations cultivated in four sites in 2014 was conducted through analyzing the correlation between grain moisture when harvest and yield as well as that between yield and variation coefficient. The resulted suggested that new combination SDJ18(Shaandan 636) and SDJ25 tended to have low yield variation, good stability, lower grain moisture(less than the mean value with 23.4%), good phenotypic traits of ears when harvest and good grain dewatering performance.2.Through Survey Yield and Growth Period 2015 corn machine income in Shaanxi Province regional test varieties, it can be seen that there was no significant difference in production between Shaandan 636 and Xianyu335, the average growth period of Shaandan 636 was 1.1 days and 7 days for spring seeding and summer seeding respectively when comparing with CK(Xianyu335).3.Since 2015, six varieties of three locations four kinds of density test showed there was no significant difference in grain moisture and yield between Shaandan 636 and Xianyu335.Under the density of 7.5×104 /hm2, the highest yield and the lowest grain water content were the Shaan 636. Different density test of Shaandan 636 indicated that at high densities 6.0×104plants/hm2-13.5×104plants/hm2 level, the yield reached 0.9×104kg/hm2, planting density was the highest yield in 12.0×104plants/hm2 level, 1.07×104kg/hm2. Through the two tests comprehensive analysis mentioned above, early maturity, tolerance to high density, corn machine income should highest yield of Shaandan 636 at 7.5 ×104plants/hm2 planting density.4.From the new varieties acceptance testing in field, Shaandan 636 was more than 1000 kg / mu in yield and less than 22% in grain moisture when comparing with the CK Shandan 609, which showed higher production potential and good dehydration.5.The physiological analysis of Shaandan 636 showed that: under conditions of high density, it was still able to maintain the amount of dry matter accumulation after high flower after flower formation of dry matter accumulation and grain yield rapid phase synchronization; at the four lower densities, Shaandan 636 actived grain filling period(P) maximum, with greater than 40 days; in four density dehydration showed "fast- slow- fast- slow" trend of different maize varieties, other varieties tested in September 15-20 days dehydration fastest Shaandan 636 on September 21-26 dehydration fastest.6.The three demonstration demonstration in Yulin, Yijun and Xunyi showed that under high density condition, Shaandan 636 presented higher yield, lower grain moisture and crushing rate when mechanical harvest, as well as stronger lodging resistance than the control-Xianyu335.更多还原