【作者】 张凯华；

【导师】 杜小霞；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 无线电物理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 新生儿以及婴儿早期的哭声,笑声,咿呀学语声以及情绪表情是她们独有的语言交流、互动方式,她们主要通过这些声音和情绪表情来传达她们的需求和心理状态。作为母亲如何恰当的理解、回应婴儿情绪刺激对婴儿的成长发育至关重要。然而,新妈妈是否对婴儿声音和面部表情更加敏感尚不清楚。因此本文采用fMRI技术探究初次分娩后的中国新妈妈和未育女性对婴儿情绪刺激反应的脑机制差异。我们招募了47名初次分娩后的中国新妈妈(其宝宝小于一周岁)和25名未育女性参加我们的实验。任务一,研究新妈妈与未育女性对婴儿情绪图片(婴儿哭、笑表情)的脑神经机制的差异,fMRI扫描过程中呈现给被试观看婴儿哭、笑情绪图片及中性图片。任务二,研究新妈妈与未育女性对不同婴儿情绪声音(婴儿咿呀学语声、哭声、笑声)的脑神经机制的差异,fMRI扫描过程中被试认真听婴儿情绪声音及白噪音。脑功能成像的数据利用SPM和MATLAB等软件统计分析及呈现等。结果：任务一和任务二均发现初次分娩后的中国新妈妈和未育女性的共情量表评分统计学上无显著性差异。任务一,面对婴儿情绪图片刺激,新妈妈表现出更强的脑功能活动,这些激活增强的脑区主要分布在视觉区,情绪加工相关的脑区,提示新妈妈可能对婴儿面部表情更加敏感。任务二,面对婴儿的情绪声音(哭声、笑声和咿呀声),新妈妈表现出多个脑区激活降低,而这些脑区主要位于默认网络。研究结果提示面对婴儿的情绪声音,新妈妈可能关注度更高,更加忘我。通过这两个研究任务,我们发现中国新妈妈生育完后与未育女性对婴儿情绪刺激的加工处理过程可能存在潜在的差异,研究结果表明新妈妈可能对婴儿的面部表情和婴儿的声音更加敏感。更多还原

【Abstract】 The new-born babies and young infants communicate their needs and physiological states mainly through baby babbling, baby crying, baby laughing and facial expression. New mothers appropriate responding to emotional infant signals is vital to child healthy psychological development. However, it is unclear that whether new mothers are more sensitive to infant vocalizing and facial expression. Thus, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the differences in brain activations in response to infant emotional sound and facial expression between new mothers and nulliparous women.We recruited 47 new mothers whose infant was less than one year old and 25 nulliparous women participated in the study. In the first experiment, affective pictures including baby laughing face, baby crying face and neutral pictures were presented to participants during fMRI scanning. In the second experiment, participants passively listened to baby babbling, baby crying, baby laughing and white noise during fMRI scanning. Functional images were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8) and MATLAB software on a personal computer.The scores of interpersonal reactivity index were no significant difference between groups both in experiment 1 and experiment 2. In the experiment 1, compared to nulliparous women, new mothers showed increased activation in the brain regions involved in emotional processing and visual areas, which suggest new mothers may be more sensitive to infant’s facial expression. In the second fMRI study, new mothers showed greater deactivation in the default mode network than nulliparous women during listening infant sounds minus white noise sound. Our findings suggest that new mothers would pay more attention to infant emotional sounds. These results from two experiments revealed that different brain processes underlying responsiveness to infant emotional stimuli in new mother and nulliparous women, and showed that new mothers would more sensitive to infant vocalizing and facial expression.更多还原