【作者】 张露；

【导师】 肖泽晟；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,行政协议在我国公共行政领域得到了日益广泛的运用,不仅丰富了公共行政管理的手段,而且提高了行政效率,降低了行政成本,增进了政府和人民之间的协商与合作关系。随着2015年新修改的行政诉讼法将行政协议纠纷纳入行政诉讼的受案范围,进入法院的行政协议纠纷也越来越多,目前法院在审理行政协议案件时面临具体理论和法律规则不足的难题。本文在此现实背景下对行政协议制度中的效力判断问题进行研究,因为行政协议纠纷的解决是以行政协议的效力确认为前提的。由于行政协议既是合同,也是行政行为,因而有关行政协议的效力判断既不能照搬行政行为的效力理论,也不能照搬合同的效力理论,而学界对此还没有详细地研究。本文主要分为以下几个部分对行政协议的效力问题展开讨论：第一部分先由两个典型的行政协议案件指出法院在审理该类案件时,首先要考虑协议是否存在、是否合法有效,然后才能进一步解决协议的履行、变更、解除等纠纷,所以说行政协议的效力判断是解决行政协议纠纷的基础。第二部分主要对行政协议的特殊性进行细致地分析。首先对行政协议的特征进行认识；其次深入探究行政协议行政性和契约性的双重属性,从公共利益与私人利益、权力与权利、平等性与不平等性三个方面理解行政协议的特殊性；最后将行政协议与民事合同和单方行政行为进行比较,从而更加直观地了解彼此之间的异同点。第三部分全面、具体地讨论行政协议的效力判断问题。首先基于行政协议的特殊性而对其可能适用的法律规则进行讨论,提出以适用行政法规则为原则,参照适用部分民法规则的观点。其次通过案例图表了解我国司法实践中各级法院对行政协议效力问题的认识情况。在现有实践的基础上,结合其他国家和地区关于行政协议效力的规定,从主体、程序、内容、意思表示等方面对行政协议的有效标准进行构建。最后讨论行政协议的效力瑕疵情形,重点分析当前司法实务中普遍存在的关于协议无效的可能情形。第四部分对本文的主要观点进行总结。本文认为解决行政协议的效力判断问题需要进行综合考虑,一是了解影响行政协议效力的因素,构建行政协议有效的标准；二是明确行政协议违法后可能产生的撤销、无效等效力瑕疵问题；三是对效力判断规则的选择以行政法规则为主,参照适用部分民法规则。最后,笔者相信随着理论界和实务界对行政协议制度更深入、更细致地研究,行政协议的效力判断理论和规则会更加完善,行政协议纠纷会得到更加合理地解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the administrative agreement has been widely using in the field of public administration in our country. It can not only enrich the means of public administration, but also improve the efficiency of administration, reduce the administrative costs, and enhance the negotiation and cooperation between the government and people. In 2015, the new modification of administrative procedure law brings administrative agreement disputes into the scope of accepting cases of administrative litigation, the administrative agreement disputes draw the theorists and practical departments’ attention about the problem of the legal system of administrative agreement. Current theoretical study of administrative agreement focuses on contract idea, conception, system construction, but this thesis focuses on a macro level—the validity of the agreement. This thesis is divided into four parts to study and discuss the effectiveness of the administrative agreement in detail.The first part holds that the validity of the administrative agreement is the basis and core in the administrative agreement system. Firstly, by two typical administrative agreement cases to point out that the cases in the courts should first be considered whether exist the administrative legal relationship, and the administrative agreement is legal or not, and then consider how to solute the dispute in the implementation of the agreement, such as perform, change, or cancel. Therefore, the judgment of the validity is the foundation of administrative agreement to solve the dispute.The second part mainly analyzes the nature of administrative agreement in detail. First of all, having a preliminary understanding of the characteristics of the administrative agreement. Secondly, further to explore the dual attributes of executive administration and the contract agreement, from three aspects to understand the uniqueness of administrative agreement, such as public interests and private interests, power and rights, equality and inequality. In conclude, the administrative agreement has the same contractual attribute to the civil contract, but it also has executive nature, which is different from the civil contract. Finally, by comparing with civil contract and unilateral administrative behavior to know the differences and similarities between each other directly.The third part comprehensively and concretely discusses the determination of the validity of the administrative agreement. In the first place, based on the particularity of the administrative agreement, to discuss which rules of law can be applied, and put forward my point of view that applying administrative rules of law as the principle, and referring to some rules of civil law. Secondly, through a diagram to understand the current situation in the courts at all levels in our country about the validity of administrative issues. And to build the standard of valid administrative agreement from the aspects of main body, procedure, content and intention, on the basis of the practice of the effectiveness of administrative agreement in combination with other countries and regions. Finally, I discuss the flaw situation in the effectiveness of the administrative agreement, and analyze possible invalid situations, which currently and generally existing in the judicial practices.The fourth part summarizes the main idea of the full text. This thesis holds that it is necessary to have a comprehensive consideration before solving the problem of the judgment of the administrative agreement’s validity. Firstly, It is important to know the factors that influence the administrative agreement’s validity, and to construct the standard of an effective administrative agreement. Secondly, Clarifying the possible severability problem after the administrative agreement is illegal, such as void and invalid. Thirdly, the rules of the judgment of validity are given priority to the rules of administrative law, and then refer to part of the civil law rules. Finally, the author believes that as long as the theorists and the practice do more research in the administrative agreement system, the rules of the judgment of administrative agreement’s validity will be more perfect, and the disputes of the administrative agreement can be solved more reasonable.更多还原