【作者】 姜伟；

【导师】 成凯；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年来,随着工程建设需要的不断扩大,起重机被越来越多地应用到社会工程建设中去。随着实际需要与应用市场的不断变化,多种类型的起重机应运而生。从全行业的发展趋势来看,起重机正在朝着大吨位、超大吨位的方向不断发展,而这其中,全地面起重机以其鲜明的技术特点和应用优势,正在社会建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。虽然我国的全地面起重机行业发展起步较晚,但是凭借着不断地努力和探索,现在已经基本达到甚至超越国外同行业水平,在国际市场上占据着一席之地。在全地面起重机的整车结构之中,臂架结构是其主要的承受外部载荷的结构,也是结构设计和校核计算的主要关注结构。而随着起重机产品的不断广泛应用,工作中发生在臂架结构位置的屈曲破坏的事故时有发生,对于这种现象,国内外学者提出了许多具体的计算方法和预防措施,主要包括解析法和有限元法,而有限元法中,现在普遍采用的是简化梁模型模拟上车臂架结构,然而这种方法无法准确、详细的描述出屈曲破坏的具体信息,因此具有一定的局限性。针对这种现状,本文讨论研究了一种全新的计算方法,即采用详细模型模拟上车臂架系统。本文以某起重机企业的某型号起重机产品为研究对象,论述了针对屈曲问题的详细计算方法。本文首先主要介绍了研究方法中的计算模型的建立,具体内容包括:模型搭建过程中基于ANSYS的单元类型选择、单元间接触形式的选择、载荷大小的选取、载荷施加方案等。其次主要对采用本文计算方法得出的计算结果进行总结、分析与说明,并且简要介绍了简化梁模型计算方法及其结果,然后将两种计算方法的计算结果进行对比。从而总结出基于详细模型计算方法的屈曲现象判定准则。再次主要介绍通过试验验证所研究的计算方法的准确性及可行性,具体内容包括试验方案的制定、试验具体操作流程、试验结果的分析说明,通过试验规范屈曲判断标准的制定,并对该方法进行验证。文章的最后,通过对当前研究方法的总结,提出仍待解决的问题,并对后续研究方向和内容提出展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the expansion of the engineering construction need, cranes have been increasingly applied to the construction of social engineering. With the unceasing changes of actual demand, various types of cranes arise at the historic moment. From the developing trend of the industry, cranes are moving into the direction of large tonnage, and among them, the whole ground crane with its distinctive technical characteristics and application advantages, is playing an increasingly important role in social construction. Although the whole ground of crane industry development in our country starts late, with constant efforts and exploration, it has now reached the same industry level abroad, occupied a place in the international market.In vehicle structure of all terrain truck crane, the jib structure is the main bearing structure, also is the focus of the design and calculation. And with the wide application of crane products constantly, buckling failure accident happens in jib structure from time to time on work condition. For this kind of phenomenon, the domestic and foreign scholars put forward many concrete calculation methods and preventive measures, including analytical method and finite element method, and among the finite element method(fem), simplified beam frame structure models are now widely used to simulate. However, this method cannot be accurate and detailed to describe specific information of the buckling failure, thus it has certain limitations. Aiming at the status quo, this paper proposes new calculation method simulating the jib structure with detailed model.In this paper, as the research object, both a type of crane products from some crane enterprise and the calculation method in detail for buckling problem is discussed. Chapter 2 of this article mainly introduces the research methods of the establishment of the finite element model, and the concrete content includes: the model unit type selection based on ANSYS in the process of building, the choice of the form of contact between the units, the load applied scheme selection of size, load, etc. Chapter 3 of this article mainly describes the calculation results and summary, analysis using calculation method in this paper, and briefly introduces the simplified calculation method and its results, and the calculation results of two kinds of calculation methods are compared. Criteria for buckling phenomenon which based on the calculation method is discussed herein. Chapter 4 in this paper mainly introduces test research to test the accuracy and feasibility of calculation method, and the concrete content including test plan, the concrete operation process, the analysis of the test result.Through the test, specificates buckling judgment standards and validates the method. By the end of the article, based on the summary of the current research method, puts forward still unresolved problems, and puts forward prospect for future research direction and content.更多还原