【作者】 刘芳；

【导师】 任辉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 食品科学与工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 梅花鹿鹿胎是名贵的传统滋补品,古时被誉为“妇科三宝”(鹿胎、乌鸡、阿胶)之一,主要有暖宫散寒、调经补血、美容养颜、滋补卵巢及治疗不孕等功效。民间曾流传“皇帝猎鹿喝鹿血,皇后寻鹿吃鹿胎”,可见鹿胎对强身健体和美容养颜的作用源远流长。随着我国养鹿业的发展,鹿胎已不再寻之不得,在很大程度上满足了人们的需求。由于传统观念的束缚,国内现有鹿胎产品主要是初级原材料的简单加工制品,大部分产品(如鹿胎膏)采用传统的加工工艺,没有同现代食品加工技术结合,产品层次低,生物利用度不高,附加值低。因此,鹿胎产品的开发和利用有着广阔的发展前景。本文从开发利用梅花鹿鹿胎的角度出发,研究了制备鹿胎多肽微胶囊的工艺条件。首先确定鹿胎蛋白提取工艺,然后采用酶解法将鹿胎蛋白酶解以制备鹿胎多肽。由于多肽在外界和内消化环境中易失活,使其不易保存和生物利用度低的原因,采用喷雾干燥法,以壳聚糖为壁材,将鹿胎多肽包埋,制成微胶囊,确定了其工艺条件。主要研究内容及结论如下:1.比较盐法和碱法两种提取鹿胎蛋白的方法。根据单因素和响应面试验分析结果,确定采用碱法提取鹿胎蛋白,其最佳工艺为:提取时间3.4h,提取温度45℃,碱浓度1.6%,料液比1:35。确定了鹿胎蛋白的p I=4.0,最佳盐析浓度为50%。2.采用酶解法酶解鹿胎蛋白制备鹿胎多肽。考察不同蛋白酶酶解鹿胎蛋白的效果,确定采用木瓜蛋白酶作为酶解用酶。根据单因素和正交试验分析结果,确定木瓜蛋白酶水解鹿胎蛋白制备鹿胎多肽的工艺条件为酶解时间为2h,底物浓度为10%,加酶量为7000u/g。3.研究了鹿胎多肽体外抗氧化活性。测定不同浓度鹿胎多肽的DPPH清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基(-2O·)清除能力、羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力和还原力,结果表明鹿胎多肽具有一定的抗氧化活性。4.采用喷雾干燥技术制备鹿胎多肽微胶囊。以壳聚糖为壁材,采用Plackett-Burman(PB)联用中心复合(Central composite designs,CCD)试验的方法确定了微胶囊化的工艺参数为:进风量27m3/h、固形物含量1.8%、芯壁比1:4.5、进料流量0.43L/h、进风温度153℃。验证试验表明该工艺条件重现性好且可行。5.对鹿胎多肽微胶囊产品的理化性质、感官性质、微观结构及缓释性能进行了研究。结果表明,微胶囊呈粉末状,色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,无杂质,无不良气味,微带鹿胎腥味,粉体细腻。采用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)观察微观结构,微胶囊呈圆形,相互独立无粘连,表面无裂纹,能良好保护芯材。通过体外模拟胃肠环境,考察微胶囊的缓释性,结果表明制备的微胶囊可以对芯材起到保护作用,具有较好缓释性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In our country, the sika deer fetus is a rare traditional tonic,which was honoured as one of “Three treasures of gynaecology”( deer fetus,black bone chicken,donkey hide gelatin)in ancient times. It have much efficacy including the warming uterus for dispelling cold,regulating menstruation, enriching blood,maintaining beauty and keeping young,nourishing ovary,treatment of infertility and so on. The folk had been spreading a rumor:“The emperor hunted deers in order to drink blood of deers,the queen searched deers in order to eat deer fetus”,which indicates deer fetus has a long history on function of body building and keeping beauty. With the development of deer farming in our country, deer fetus is no longer difficult to obtain,satisfying the demands of people in a large scale. Due to the shackles of traditional ideas, in domestic existing deer products are mainly simple processing product of raw materials.Most products are produced by traditional processing technology, such as deer fetus cream, without combination of modern food process technology.Level of products are low.The availability of biotechnology is not high.,neither the additional value of products. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of deer fetus products have vast potential for future development.From the standpoint of the development and utilization of Sika deer fetus,this paper studies the process conditions of preparing deer fetus polypeptide microcapsule. First I confirm the extraction process of protein. Then the deer fetus protein is digested to product deer fetus polypeptide.According to the polypeptides is easily affected by the external environment and internal environment of digestion to inactivate and leading to low bioavailability, spray drying method is choosed to produce the microcapsule. Chitosan is selected to be wall material, encapsulated the sika deer fetus polypeptides into microcapsules, The process conditions are determined. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1. Comparing the difference of Salt method and alkali method to extract deer fetus protein.According to the single factor test and response surface analysis results,extracting deer fetus protein is determined by using alkali method. The optimum process is as: extraction time 3.4h, extraction temperature 45℃, lye concentration 1.6%,solid-liquid ratio 1:35. Determined the isoelectric point(p I) of deer fetus protein is 4.0. The best salting concentration 50%.2. Deer fetus protein is hydrolyzed by enzymatic hydrolysis to preparate deer fetus polypeptides.Different proteases enzymolysis effect were investigated, determined using papain to enzymatic hydrolysis of deer fetus protein. According to the single factor test and orthogonal test analysis results,the process conditions for preparing deer fetus polypeptides by papain are as follows: hydrolysis time 2h, solid content 10%, enzyme amount 7000u/g.3. Researching the anti-oxidant capacity of sika deer fetus polypeptides. Through the determination of DPPH scavenging ability,superoxide anion radical scavenging ability(-2O·), hydroxyl radicals scavenging ability(·OH) reduction ability, the results show that the deer fetus polypeptides have certain antioxidant capacity.4. Adopting spray drying method to produce the deer fetus microcapsule. Chitosan is selected to be the wall material. The process parameters for microencapsulation was determined by the method of Plackett-Burman(PB) combined with central composite design(CCD): supply air rate27 m 3 /h, solid content1.8%, core/wall ratio1:4.5, feed flowrate0.43L/h, inlet air temperature153℃. The test shows that the process conditions are reproducible and feasible.5. The physicochemical properties,sensory properties, microstructure, slow-released properties of deer fetus polypeptides had been studied.The result shows that the microcapsule is in powder form, uniform color, straw yellow, no impurity, no bad smell, slightly deer fetus smell and powder is exquisite.Using the scanning electron microscope(SEM) to watch the microstructure of the microcapsules,the SEM pictures shows that they are round,independent from each other and no adhesion.the surface is flat and no crackle.So it can protect the core material. By in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment, the release of the microcapsules were studied. Results show that the microcapsules can protect the core material and have good slow-release and enteric properties.更多还原