【作者】 周珊珊；

【导师】 叶君；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 自从语言学家Mathesius明确提出主位和述位的概念,主述位理论得到了极大的丰富和发展,与之相联系的主位推进模式的研究也受到了国内外学者的青睐。它们的发展为语篇研究提供了新的研究视角。系统功能语言学家Halliday明确提出主述位属于语篇功能的范畴。他根据不同的标准,将主位划分为不同的类型,并详细的探讨了不同句式的主位和述位。捷克语言学家F·Danes对主述位的研究扩展到了语篇。他重点研究语篇中多个相邻句子的主位和述位的关系,即主位推进。在分析了大量语篇之后,他提出了五种主位推进模式。国内许多著名语言学家例如徐盛桓(1982),黄衍(1987),黄国文(1988)等都在对大量语篇研究的基础上提出了不同类型的主位推进模式。由此,主述位理论和主位推进模式被广泛的应用到不同类型的语篇研究中,如新闻、广告、和演讲。然而,对演讲语篇的主位和主位推进模式分析仅仅局限在政治类演讲和学生竞赛类演讲,对科学类演讲的相关研究比较少。科学类演讲具有一般公众演讲的特点,又有自身的特点。在本论文里,研究语料选自TED中的科学类演讲,它一方面旨在介绍某一学科的研究发现,另一方面也注重对研究发现所依赖的研究方法的阐述。本文以Halliday的主述位理论和黄衍的主位推进模式为理论基础,以TED官网的10篇科学类演讲为语料,采用定性研究的方法结合少量的定量研究,探讨英语科学类演讲的主位和主位推进模式,并得出以下结论:(1)在英语科学类演讲中,复项主位占的比例最高,简单主位紧随其后,句项主位占的比例最少。在占比最高的复项主位中,语篇主位所占的比例远高于人际主位;在语篇主位中,其中,结构性成分所占的比例最高,连接性成分所占的比例也相对较高,连续性成分的比例最低。在占比居中的简单主位中,代词所占的比例最高,名词词组所占的比例也相对较高;在充当简单主位的所有代词中,第一人称出现的频率最高,第三人称的频率略低于第一人称。在占比最少的句项主位中,复杂句项主位所占的比例远高于简单句项主位。(2)在英语科学类演讲中,无标记主位出现的频率远高于标记主位。也就是说,演讲者倾向于选择无标记主位。在无标记主位中,代词所占的比例最高,名词词组所占的比例也相对较高。在标记主位中,修饰语出现的频率要远高于补语。(3)在英语科学类演讲中,主位推进的模式较为复杂,使用最频繁的三种推进模式分别是延续型、集中型和平行型。上述发现表明英语科学类演讲在使用主位及主位推进模式谋篇时有自己的特点。本研究一方面提出了简单句项主位和复杂句项主位的概念,丰富了主位理论;另一方面,本研究将主位和主位推进模式应用于科学类演讲,使得该理论运用的研究语料更丰富。同时本研究也可以使听众更好地理解科学类演讲的内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Mathesius defined the Theme and Rheme of a clause, many other linguists also made great contributions to Theme-Rheme theory. Thematic progression which refers to the connection with Themes and Rhemes of different clauses in a text also draws much attention at home and abroad. These two theories provide a new aspect for discourse analysis. Halliday, a systematic-functional linguist, makes a classification of Themes based on different standards, and elaborates on the Themes of special sentence patterns. F·Danes, a Czech linguist, studies the Themes and Rhemes with a focus on the connections of Themes and Rhemes in different clauses in a text. He(1974) puts forward five thematic progression patterns after analyzing substantial proportion of texts. Some famous linguists in China, such as Xu Shenghuan(1982), Huang Yan(1987) and Huang Guowen(1988), also propose some different thematic progression patterns based on a large number of researches. Since then, Themes and thematic progression patterns are applied to analyze texts of different genres, such as news, advertisements, and speeches. However, the related studies of speeches from the perspective of Themes and thematic progression patterns are confined to political speeches and student‘s speaking contests, while science speeches draw little attention from the researchers.Science speech is a kind of general public speech, and it shares the common features that general public speech has. Furthermore, it has its own peculiarities. The research materials of the thesis are about science speeches from TED, which not only aim at introducing scientific findings that the speakers find in natural sciences, humanities or others, but also involve the research methods on which the findings are based. The thesis selects 10 science speeches from TED official websites and makes a detailed analysis of them based on Halliday‘s Theme-Rheme theory and Huang Yan‘s thematic progression patterns. And this thesis is mainly a qualitative research assisted by a quantitative method. Here are some findings:(1) In English science speeches, multiple Themes are the most preferred ones with the highest proportion; simple Themes come second also with a much higher percentage; clausal Themes take the least part.Among the most frequently used multiple Themes, textual Themes are much more frequently used than interpersonal Themes; among the different components as textual Themes, conjunctions hold the majority, conjunctive adjuncts occupy also a relatively higher percentage and continuatives account for the least proportion.Among the different components as simple Themes, pronouns especially the first person and the third person, have a much higher percentage than other components and nominal groups follows with the second highest proportion.In clausal Themes, complex clausal Themes are much more than simple clausal Themes.(2) In English science speeches, unmarked Themes have the higher percentage than marked Themes. In other words, the speakers tend to use more unmarked themes and marked ones. Among unmarked Themes, pronouns take the highest proportion and nominal groups come second with a higher percentage. Among marked Themes, adjuncts are more frequently used than complements.(3) In English science speeches, thematic progression patterns are complex, because there are eight models which can be identified in each of the speeches. The more frequently used ones are respectively linear patterns, concentrated patterns and parallel patterns.These findings above show that English science speeches have their own features in Theme choices and in the application of thematic progression patterns when dealing with the organization of the texts to deliver the information in science speeches. The present study puts forward the definitions of simple clausal Theme and complex clausal Theme, which enriches the Theme-Rheme theory. Moreover, the research proves that the research materials where an analysis is made on themes and TP patterns can be enlarged. In addition, the hearers may have a better understanding of contents of English science speeches with the knowledge of the findings in the study. English learners may make progress in organizing different clauses in a text in a coherent way, which can help them transit the messages naturally.更多还原