【作者】 刘凯；

【导师】 孙德超；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政府过程与治理（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 司法鉴定是诉讼活动的基本要素,构成了案件的核心内容,体现了法院审判的客观公正,是社会正义伸张实现的根本途径。但是,司法鉴定工作,由于旧有的管理体制,不断发生负面问题,产生了巨大的负面社会影响。随着社会的进步,政治经济的不断发展,全面推进依法治国政策的确立,司法鉴定管理体制改革已经刻不容缓。本文从现在的司法鉴定工作管理的现状与症结入手,以司法鉴定的公共属性为切入点,结合公共管理的相关理论,对司法鉴定体制创新的远景提出构想。本文认为,司法鉴定改革必将从“行政垄断”向“行政主导”过渡,在这个过程当中,公共力量不断的萌发、发展、壮大,最终形成以行政管理为主导,公共力量为辅治力量的司法鉴定二元治理体系。而这个过程是一个渐进的过程,行政力量逐步放权,公共力量缓慢松绑,实现转变过程的安全平稳着陆,即达到转变管理模式的目的,又维护司法鉴定工作的平稳秩序。同时,本文基于现代政府社会治理研究的基本理论,构想了我国司法鉴定治理体系创新的基本要素,在管理主体上,以政府机关的管理行为为主导,公共组织为辅治,政府的主管部门应是已经结束割据统一职能的政府部门,实验室评审机构通过开展实验室认证认可的活动发挥社会组织的力量。在职能发挥和管理手段上以行政机关为主导,公共组织为辅治,行政机关的管理应体现在宏观调控作用的发挥上,公共组织的管理应体现在实验室的微观管理上。在法律体系的建设上以法律、法规、规章为主导,实验室的体系文件、程序文件、行业规定、国际惯例等技术性文件为辅治。行政机关与公共组织相互配合,协调互动形成一个有机的治理整体。随着法制改革的全面推进,司法鉴定工作的公共属性必须要得到重视,司法鉴定治理体系只有随着司法鉴定活动的属性改变而调整,才能够最好的发挥管理效能,给国家、公民提供最优质的服务与产品。具体情况如下:第一部分:介绍了本文研究的背景和选题意义。归纳总结了国内外司法鉴定的研究现状,并提出了本文的研究思路。第二部分:属于提出问题部分。对我国当前司法鉴定的现状和问题进行总结和归纳,即肯定了十年来司法鉴定摆脱行政垄断的进步一面,又指出行政机关内部分权割据,各自为政的混乱的一面。同时,详尽阐述了司法鉴定公共力量的产生、发展以及不足之处。第三部分:明确了“行政主导”和“公共辅治”的内涵,同时结合第二章提出的问题,从“行政主导”和“公共辅治”两个层次,展开了构建司法鉴定“行政主导”与“公共辅治”二元治理体系研究的必要性分析。第四部分:从内部的统一性要求、外部公信力需求以及顺应司法改革大潮等三个方面,论证了构建司法鉴定“行政主导”与“公共辅治”二元治理体系研究的可行性。指出在当下的政治、社会环境,推动司法鉴定体制转型是大势所趋。第五部分:对构建司法鉴定“行政主导”与“公共辅治”二元治理体系研究框架进行构想和设计,最终实现以下四个转变:行政职能由垄断到放权、管理理念由“官本位”到“民本位”、管理方式由“命令行政为主”到“侧重协商为主”、体系建设由法制到法治的全面转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Judicial expertise is an important part of the judicial work in our country,Is the core content of litigation activities.,Is the cornerstone of the objective and fair trial,Is the fundamental guarantee of social justice realization。But, Judicial expertise,Because of the old management system, Continue to have a negative problem, Have a huge negative social impact. Along with the progress of the society, The continuous development of political economy, Comprehensively promote the establishment of the policy of governing the country according to law, Judicial expertise management system reform is no time to delay.In this paper, the current status and problems of the current judicial expertise work, With the public attribute of judicial expertise as the breakthrough point, Combined with the theory of Public Administration, A vision for the reform of the judicial expertise system.This paper considers. The reform of judicial expertise will transition from "administrative monopoly" to "administration leading", In this process, The public power of the germination, development, growth, and ultimately the formation of administrative management as the leading, Public power, supplemented by the power of judicial expertise of dualistic management and control pattern. And this process is a gradual process,,Administrative power gradually decentralization, public power slowly relaxed, To achieve a safe and stable landing process, Namely, to achieve the purpose of changing the mode of management, but also to maintain the smooth order of judicial expertise work.At the same time, this paper is based on the basic theory of modern government public administration, Conception of the basic elements of the administrative leading judicial expertise dualistic management and control system, In the management of the main body, with the leading administrative organs, public organizations and auxiliary governance, Administrative organs should be unifiedII regime has ended the functions of administrative organs, Public organization is to carry out the accreditation of laboratory accreditation CNAS. On the job, the administrative organ is the leading role, and the public organization is supplemented by the administrative organs, The management of the administrative organs should be embodied in the role of macro-control, The management of public organizations should be reflected in the micro management of the laboratory. In the construction of the legal system to laws, regulations, rules and regulations for the leading, Laboratory system files, program files, industry regulations, supplemented by international practice. Administrative organs and public organizations cooperate with each other to form an organic whole.With the overall promotion of the rule of law, The public attribute of the judicial expertise must be paid attention to, The judicial expertise management system only changes with the change of the property of the judicial expertise work, To be able to play the best management effectiveness, For the state, society, citizens to provide the best quality service. The details are as follows:The first chapter: This paper introduces the background and significance of this study. Summarizes the current situation of domestic and international court judicial expertise, And puts forward the research ideas of this paper.The second chapter: Part of the question of the question. The current situation and problems of judicial expertise in China are summarized and summarized, That is, for ten years to get rid of the administrative monopoly of the progress of the court, It pointed out that the administrative organ internal decentralization regime, Confusion lack of coordination. At the same time, the paper expounds the generation,development and deficiency of the public power of judicial expertise.The third chapter: Clear the " administrative leading " and "public auxiliary governance" connotation, At the same time, combined with the second chapter of the problem, From the " administrative leading " and "public auxiliary governance" two levels, The necessity of constructing the dualistic governance system of "administrative leading " and "public auxiliary governance" in judicial expertisev.The fourth chapter: From the internal unity of requirements, External demand of public trust And comply with the judicial reform tide in three aspects, Demonstrates the feasibility of constructing the dualistic governance system of "administrative leading " and "public auxiliary governance" in judicial expertisev. Pointed out that in the current state of the political, social environment, To promote the transformation of the judicial expertisev system is the trend of the times.The fifth chapter: The conception and design of constructing the dualistic governance system of "administrative leading " and "public auxiliary governance" in judicial expertisev., The final realization of the following four changes: The administrative functions from the Almighty to limited, By the management of orders to negotiate based, System construction by the legal system to the rule of law.更多还原