【作者】 陈昊；

【导师】 周开亚；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文包括三部分：第一章：对全球的古气候变化特别是第四纪的冰期气候变化对物种的影响进行了概述。第二章：对微卫星标记及其在分子谱系地理学研究中的应用进行了综述。第三章：应用5个微卫星位点探讨了中国黑斑侧褶蛙53个地理种群共计727个体的种群遗传多样性、种群结构和种群动态。结果显示,中国黑斑侧褶蛙种群的有效等位基因数为10.4713；观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.6548±0.0840和0.8897±0.0581,种群遗传多样性相当高。SRTUCTURE分析表明,当K=2时,得到AK值最大值402.8125；FCA的分析发现,黑斑侧褶蛙种群可以分为两个独立的区域,但是这两个区域并不是完全分离的。该结果提示该物种在种群遗传结构上存在明显的两个分支：大陆支系Cluster Ⅰ和东北支系Cluster Ⅱ。ClusterⅠ广泛分布在中国大陆的大部分地区,而Cluster Ⅱ仅分布于东北地区的东部。进一步分析发现Cluster Ⅰ支系可再分为两个亚支：东部亚支Cluster Ⅰ-1和西南亚支Cluster Ⅰ-2。基因流的分析表明,黑斑侧褶蛙的现今分布格局是末次盛冰期之后起源于不同避难所的种群扩散的结果。其中Cluster Ⅰ的避难所位于东部季风区、横断山脉以及四川贵州地区,而Cluster Ⅱ的避难所位于朝鲜半岛。Cluster Ⅰ和Cluster Ⅱ在中国东北地区发生了二次接触,这一接触区的地形由平原向山地过渡,为南北向的一个狭长地带,跨越了三省六市的范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is constituted by three chapters.Chapter one:Summarize the ancient global climate change especially the glacial climate change in Quaternary and its influence on the biota.Chapter two:Introduce the microsatellite markers and its applications in molecular phylogeography.Chapter three:The genetic diversity and structure of Pelophlax nigromaculata were investigated by analyzing 5 microsatellite loci for 727 samples collected from 53 locations in temperate and subtropical China. Basic statistics showed that the mean overall values of HO and HE were 0.6548±0.0840 and 0.8897±0.0581 respectively. The SRTUCTURE and FCA results showed that two split lineages are included in this species:the mainland lineage (Cluster Ⅰ) and the northeast lineage (Cluster Ⅱ). Cluster Ⅰ covers most of the species’ range in China, and Cluster Ⅱ is just restricted to the east part of northeast China. Further analyses indicate that Cluster Ⅰ can be further divided into two sub-lineages, Cluster Ⅰ-1 and Cluster Ⅰ-2. The gene flow analyses indicate the current distribution of this frog was the result of expansion from independent refugia after LGM. The refugium for Cluster Ⅰ included Eastern monsoon China, the Hengduan Mountains, and Sichuan-Guizhou area, and the refugia for Cluster Ⅱ was Korea Peninsula. The secondary contact zone is found between habitats of those two clades in the west part of northeast China with a complex geomorphology. It is a north-south corridor across the range of three provinces and six cities.更多还原