【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 吴昊；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 国际贸易， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的快速发展,道路交通拥堵、排放及噪声污染、资源紧缺等问题显露,公共交通便捷和安全愈发被人们关注。安全、绿色、高效、智能的新型轨道交通已成为各国公共交通的主导方向,因此其装备制造产业得到快速发展。我国轨道交通装备制造业的发展不仅利于缓解人口密集、资源紧缺、环境恶化等问题,而且积极促进产业结构转型升级并加快“走出去”步伐,是国家重点发展的产业。尽管我国轨道交通装备的制造技术水平大幅提升、生产贸易规模逐步扩大,但在机遇和挑战并存的激烈国际竞争中,仍有很大发展空间。本文在比较优势和竞争优势理论研究的基础上,通过显性对称比较优势(RSCA)、国际市场占有率(MS)、贸易竞争指数(TCI)和净出口显性比较优势指数(NXRCA)四个竞争力评价指标确定在2001-2014年期间中国及多国轨道交通装备制造业国际竞争力变化,随后采用因子分析将四个指标转化为综合竞争力指标(Z)进行评价,最后结合产业特征修正波特钻石模型,采用主成分分析和回归方法确定影响中国轨道交通装备制造业国际竞争力主要因素及影响程度。研究结论表明： (1)我国轨道交通装备制造业建国后体制不断变化、制造水平不断提升。全产业链发展较充分,低成本和高技术等比较优势通过高集中度、政策支持转化为竞争优势。贸易额逐年攀升,市场不断拓展,整体产业链结团出海,未来市场机遇与挑战共存； (2)2001-2014年我国轨道交通装备制造业的国际竞争力逐渐提升,但核心零部件的国产化还不足。2014年竞争力与乌克兰、墨西哥、奥地利、西班牙、德国、美国、捷克存在差距；(3)对我国轨道交通装备制造业国际竞争力影响尤为明显的是要素密集度、国内外市场需求、机电产业国际竞争力、第二产业劳动生产率、企业管理效果和技术创新等因素。根据上述结论,为提升我国轨道交通装备制造业国际竞争力,提出提高要素密集度、开拓市场需求、强化产业基础、提升企业管理效率和实施创新驱动等建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of social and economy, the issues that traffic congestion, pollution and noise appear apparently. Convenience and safety of transportation attract more and more attention. New rail transportation which is safe, environmental protected, efficient and intelligent is regarded by all countries in the world as the main direction of the future public transport. Therefore rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry has developed rapidly. The development of China’s rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry, which is the key industry in China, not only eases the problem of population density, resource shortage and environmental degradation, but also has an important impact on the transformation and upgrading of China’s entire manufacturing industry as well as strategy of going globally.Although the level of manufacture and technology of rail vehicle equipment in China has been greatly improved, as well as the scale of production and trade has expanded gradually, there is still plenty to develop in the fierce international competition. On the basis of comparative advantage and competitive advantage theory, this paper analyzes the international competitiveness of rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry with four indicators which are Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), International Market Share (MS), Trade Competitive Index (TCI) and Net Export Revealed Comparative Advantage (NXRCA) in China and other countries during 2001-2014. Then by factor analysis this paper evaluate international competitiveness with comprehensive competitiveness index (Z). Finally based on modified Potter diamond model combined with the industry characteristics, this paper adopts principal component analysis and regression method to find out the main factors which impact international competitiveness of China’s rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry, as well as the degree.The conclusions is as follows (1) The system of the railway vehicle equipment manufacturing industry in our country has been changed constantly and the level of manufacture upgrades. Now the whole industry chain development is relatively complete. Comparative advantage such as low cost and advanced technology can be transformed to competitive advantage through high concentration and policy support. Trade volume rises year by year, the market continues to expand, equipments with infrastructure or service are combined to export, opportunities and challenges coexist in the future market. (2) The international competitiveness of China’s rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry has gradually improved, but some home-made core components are still absent in 2001-2014. The competitiveness still exists disparity with Ukraine, Mexico, Austria,, Spain, Germany, the United States, Czech in 2014. (3) The particularly obvious factors impacting to China’s rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry international competitiveness are the factor density, domestic and international market demand, the international competitiveness of mechanical and electrical industry, the second industry labor productivity, business management and technological innovation and other factors. According to the above conclusions and in order to improve the international competitiveness of China’s rail vehicle equipment manufacturing industry, we put forward the suggestions which are to improve the factor intensity, to develop the market demand, strengthen the industrial foundation, improve enterprise management efficiency and the implementation of innovation driven.更多还原