【作者】 陈晨；

【导师】 李勤昌；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际经济全球化和国际贸易自由化的不断加深,我国对外贸易发展迅速,近年来进出口贸易总额连年上升。尽管良好的外贸出口势头带动了我国经济的发展,但这也在很大程度上提高了WTO其他成员国的贸易保护力度,使得对华贸易摩擦案件频发。继反倾销之后,随着我国“市场经济”地位的不断确立,反补贴逐渐成为了中国对外贸易摩擦的新热点。其中,在所有对华发起的反补贴调查国家中,美国对华发起的反补贴调查数量首当最多,金额也最大。美国对华不断发起的反补贴调查不仅直接严重打击着我国出口企业、行业,还影响到我国经济政策的制定,这意味着中美贸易摩擦正在由原来的微观层面向宏观层面发展,逐步转变为体制性摩擦。在此背景下,对于美国对华实施反补贴措施问题的研究就显得尤为重要。本文主要采用规范分析和实证分析方法对论题展开研究。在规范分析方面,在相关理论指导下,从经济和政治角度,分析了美国对华实施反补贴措施的经济和政治根源。在实证分析方面,通过历史、数据以及案例分析,研究了美国对华实施反补贴措施的现状和原因,最后针对美国对华实施反补贴措施问题提出了我国的应对政策,为我国今后规避各国对华反补贴提供了参考。本文的结构安排主要分为三大部分。第一部分为引言和理论分析(第1、2章)。其中,第1章引言除了介绍了选题背景、意义以及研究思路和方法外,主要内容是对论题相关的研究文献进行收集整理,为本文的思路构建及后文分析提供参考。第2章为理论性分析部分,该部分从经济和政治两方面以相关理论为依据,分析了补贴与反补贴实施的经济效果以及在美国民主制度下贸易政策制定的机制,揭示了美国对华实施反补贴措施的经济和政治根源。此外,还分析了WTO对于补贴与反补贴的相关规定对美国对华实施反补贴措施提供的便利。第二部分为实证分析(第3、4章)。首先,针对美国对华实施反补贴措施的现状和特征进行了研究,着重分析了造成美国对华实施反补贴措施的主要原因。通过该部分分析,本文认为美国对华实施反补贴措施的主要原因如下：第一,美国贸易政策的政治化是对华反补贴形成的根本原因；第二,中美贸易不平衡,巨大的贸易逆差使得美国对华贸易提高警惕；第三,我国部分行业优势明显,美国利用反补贴调查手段对我国优势产业进行限制；第四,中国对美国贸易依赖度大,一定程度上挤压了美国本土产业,同时,紧密的贸易关系势必会带来摩擦；第五,我国较强的出口产品竞争力对于美国外贸发展造成威胁,刺激美国反补贴措施实施；第六,我国国内补贴政策存在问题是引发美国反补贴的内在原因。第三部分(第5章)为研究的政策建议。该部分基于美国对华反补贴问题产生的原因提出了相应的对策,分别从宏观、中观和微观三个角度从发,为政府、行业协会以及相关企业给予建议,主要建议是：(1)政府宏观层面应当改革完善国内补贴制度；建立良好的反补贴预警机制；推进产业结构调整,实现出口市场多元化以及扩大对外投资,改善贸易不平衡现象。(2)行业协会中观层面需加强市场行业调研力度,关注他国反补贴动向；发挥纽带作用,协助并指导企业应诉；此外,加强国际交流合作,储备反补贴应诉人才库。(3)企业微观层面则应提升自主创新能力,提高出口产品附加值；实施多元化战略、注重市场调研；与此同时,必须做到主动应对、积极应诉。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the globalization of the international economy and liberalization of international trade, our country is developing fast in foreign trade, export increasing continuously. Even though the good trend of export has led the domestic economic growth, other WTO members have also enhanced their trade protection, which make more trade frictions against China. After AD, with the establishment of market economy in the country, CVD has gradually became the new hotspot of trade friction. Among all CVD investigations against China, the US has launched most cases, with most involving amount as well. Such investigations against China not only blowing our exporting industry, but also affecting policy making of our economy, which means that US-China trade friction is expanding from microcosmic to macrocosmic, switching gradually to systematical dispute. With the background like this, researches on US-China CVD measures seems to be critical.Empirical analysis and standard analysis will be conducted in this researchto investigate US-China CVD measures. In detail, based on empirical analysis on history, data and cases, this study has investigated the current condition and reasons on US-China CVD measures, and will analysis our country’s counterplan; and will provide considerable thought to avoid such issue.The article will be in three parts. The first part includes preface and theory basics (Chapter 1 and 2). Chapter 1 introduced background information, purpose of study and method, besides; a literature review will also be provided. Chapter 2 will be on theory analysis, it will introduce the implementation of AD and CVD, hence provide theoretical support. A brief introduction of provisions on AD and CVD by WTO. The second part will be empirical analysis (Chapter 3 and 4), it will select US-China CVD problem or investigation, a study on US-China CVD measures characteristics and current condition will be investigated. Meanwhile, this part will be focused on analysis of reasons on US-China CVD measures, both on political and economic aspect with qualitative and quantitative analysis. In addition, the paper make the research through the measure of TⅡ index, RCA index and TC index as well as the analysis of both countries political policies. The reason could be concluded as:(1) The politicization of the U.S. trade policy is the root cause for the countervailing to China. (2) The imbalance among US-China trade and trade deficit has led to the huge awareness of the US on trade with China; (3) Some of our industry has obvious advantage, and US government restrict them with CVD measures; (4) China is highly relying on trading with US, which may lead to trade friction; (5) Some of our exporting products is threatening the development of US foreign trade, which stimulate them to implement CVD measures; (6) Problems from Chinese domestic subsidy policy are the internal causes to the countervailing. The third part (Chapter 5) has provided policy recommendations. Based on reasons of US-China CVD problem, recommendations for government, industries and related companies are made from macrocosmic, mesocosmic and microscopic aspects:(1) At macrocosmic level the government should improve subsidization policy; establish good CVD alert mechanism; boost industry structure reform to diversify exporting and expand foreign investment, improve trade imbalance.(2) In mesocosmic level, enhance investigation among industries, pay attention on trends in CVD in other countries, and reserve the talent pool to deal with CVD.(3) For companies, innovation needs to be enhanced, improve add-on value on products, implement product diversification, value on market survey; meanwhile, act on initiative is also required.更多还原