【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 周翔；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)是一类非离子型表面活性剂,具有优异的润湿、乳化、分散、增溶等性能,曾被广泛应用于洗涤、纺织印染、农药、采油等行业。APEO随废水排放入水体,数天后便会有90%以上的NPEO分子发生初级降解,随后继续降解至生成AP和APEO1-3。生成的AP或APEO1-3易在水体、土壤、大气和生物体内累积,有明显的雌激素效应。因此很多国家和地区已将APEO限用或禁用,并着手寻找它的替代品。可是至今尚未找到与APEO在各项应用性能及生产成本上都可以媲美的化学品,所以APEO在某些行业还在被应用,其中包括纺织印染行业。在纺织印染行业中,以棉织物前处理加工用得最多。因此,为了保护环境和人类健康,应开发能替代APEO用于前处理的环保型表面活性剂。本课题选择对现有环保型表面活性剂进行复配或改性的途径开发APEO替代品。研究工作中,选择脂肪醇聚氧乙醚(AEO-9)、异构醇醚(XP-70)、烷基糖苷(APG)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)等四个表面活性剂作为复配原料。先分别测定它们的理化性质(表面张力、浊点等)和应用性能(润湿、乳化等),将测定结果与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)作比较。明确这四个表面活性剂与APEO应用性能之间的差距。然后按阴—非离子表面活性剂增效复配原理,将这四个表面活性剂按AP—SDS、XP.70—SDS和AE0.9—SDS组合复配成三组表面活性剂,优化复配比例。将上述经优化复配比例的三组表面活性剂分别用于棉织物碱氧—浴法前处理工艺,通过正交实验设计,得到最佳处方分别为NaOH 20g/L,H2O27g/L,APe—SDS 8g/L； NaOH 20g/L,H2027g/L,XP-70 —SDS 8g/L； NaOH 25g/L,H2025g/L,AEO-9—SDS 8g/L.将上述三个二元复配表面活性剂与TX-10对棉织物碱氧一浴前处理的效果作比较,毛效、白度和强力等相当,有的性能甚至优于TX-10的。这三组复配表面活性剂应用效果最好的是APG与SDS的组合。进一步将APG—DS用于棉织物前处理碱氧法的其他工艺(碱氧两浴、冷轧堆和汽蒸),得出的最佳处方为:碱氧两浴法：NaOH15g/L,H2027g/L,APGˉSDS 4g/L；冷轧堆法：NaOH 40g/L,H202 14g/L,APG—SDS 16g/ L:浸轧—汽蒸法：NaOH 20g/L,H20210g/L, APe—SDS 16g/L.APG—SDS复配体系在棉织物碱氧法前处理工艺的应用效果很好,但存在的缺点是APG室温下溶解较难。据文献报道,将APG改性成烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐,室温下水溶性增强。本实验用尿素作催化剂,APG与浓硫酸反应制备烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐。将APG及其改性产物分别用于棉织物前处理,后者处理的棉织物毛效增强,白度、强力等性能相当。烷基糖苷硫酸酯盐的应用及与SDS的复配性能有待进一步研究。对复配表面活性剂的成本进行初步核算。以达到相同处理效果为前提,APG—SDS、XP.70—SDS和AEO-9—SD S的成本都低于TX-10.从实验室应用试验和成本核算的视角,可以认为复配表面活性剂能替代APEO用于棉织物前处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of Non-ionic surfactant with outstanding performance in wetting, emulsification, dispersion and solubilization, alkylphenolpolyoxyethylene ether (APEO) has been widely used in washing, textile dyeing and finishing, pesticides, oil production and other industries. After APEO is discharged into water, more than 90% of NPEO will undergo primary degradation in a few days, and then continues to AP and APEO1-3, which are easy to accumulate in water, soil, air and organism and have significant estrogenic effects. So many countries and regions has restricted APEO and done much work in its alternatives. However, APEO is still used in many industries including textile dyeing and finishing industry, especially in the stage of cotton pre-treatment, since no product can be comparable to it both in application performances and cost at present. Therefore, the research of Eco-fiiendly surfactants that can replace APEO in the stage of cotton fabric pretreatment is of great significance to the environmental protection and human health.In this study APEO alternatives were developed through the complex and modification of presently existing eco-friendly surfactants. Firstly, the physical-chemical properties(surface tension, cloud point et.al.) and application performance(moistening, emulsification et.al.) of selected surfactants---- fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(AEO-9), isomer alcohol ether(XP-70), alkylpolyglucosides (APG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)---ere tested and compared with nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether(TX-10). The differences in application performances between the four surfactants and TX-10 were determined. According to the synergistic effect of the combination of anionic and nonionic surfactant, three compound systems were used for pretreatment of cotton:APG—SDS, XP-70—SD and AEO-9—sDS. The optimized ratio of the two surfactants in each compound system was obtained.The three compound systems with the optimized ratio were used for cotton fabric pretreatment by the method of alkali-peroxide one bath. Through orthogonal experiment, the best prescription is obtained:NaOH 20g/L, H2O27g/L, APG—SDS 8g/L; NaOH20g/L, H2O27g/L, XP-70—SDS 8g/L; NaOH25g/L, H2O25g/L, AEO-9—SDS 8g/L. Their application performances were compared with that of TX-10. It was found that the capillary, whiteness and warp strength of the cotton fabric treated by the combination were comparable to that of TX-10. Among the three compound systems, APG—SDS has the best application performance.APG—SDS system was used in other methods for cotton fabric pretreatment: alkali-peroxide two baths, cold pad batch and steaming. The best prescription for alkali-peroxide two baths is:NaOH 15 g/L, H2O27 g/L, APG—SDS 4 g/L; the best prescription for cold pad batch is:NaOH40g/L, H2O214g/L, APG—SDS 16 g/L; the best prescription for pad-batch and steaming process is:NaOH 20 g/L, H2O2 lOg/L, APG—SDS 16 g/L.APG—SDS system is very effective in different methods for cotton fabric pretreatment. But APG has poor water solubility in room temperature. According to the report, the anionic modified product (alkyl indican sulfate salt) of APG has better water solubility in room temperature than APG In this experiment, alkyl indican sulfate salt (APGS) was prepared by the reaction of APG and concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed by urea. APG and APGS were respectively applied in the cotton fabric pretreatment. The capillary effect of APGS treated cotton fabric was enhanced. The whiteness and the strength were of the same level. Further study should be conducted in the application of APGS and compound systems of APGFinally, preliminary cost accounting of the compound systems was conducted. Under the same treatment effect, the costs of compound system APG-SDS, AEO-9-SDS and XP-70-SDS are lower than that of TX-10. Therefore, from the perspective of laboratory test and cost accounting, the conclusion can be drawn that the compound systems developed in this study can replace APEO in cotton fabric pretreatment.更多还原