【作者】 刘艳红；

【导师】 李素霞；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 家庭暴力,已成为危害严重的社会问题,主要是施向儿童、妇女、老人等弱势群体的家庭暴力。近年来各类家暴案件屡见报端,尤其是极端家暴案件、名人家暴新闻,引发广泛社会讨论,成为社会舆论关注的热点和社会研究的焦点。2015年3月十二届全国人大三次会议举行新闻发布会时,发言人傅莹讲到:家庭暴力是社会隐痛,我国已经开始在制定第一部反对家庭暴力的法律,有可能在下半年提交审议。中国不仅需要反家暴法,更需要广泛反家暴的社会力量。调查数据显示,近年来,家庭暴力案件发生率呈上升趋势,并带来严重的社会问题。家庭暴力不仅危害人身安全,破坏家庭和谐稳定,引发家庭解体、女性犯罪、儿童心理扭曲等社会问题,最终破坏社会稳定。家庭暴力问题已经不是“家丑不外扬”、“打自己的老婆”、“外界不应也不便干预”微观视角下的私人领域事件,它是一项需要职能部门、专业社会工作者全方位干预的社会工作,如何对家庭暴力进行有效干预是新形势赋予社会工作部门的一项新的迫切任务。家庭暴力问题涉及文化观念、法律界定、司法介入、妇女权益、心理创伤、医疗救助等多方面社会工作,需要诸多社会部门共同行动。目前,我国对家庭暴力的干预更多集中在妇联,妇联因为职权所限,在实际干预工作过程中显得势单力薄。目前国内关于家庭暴力的研究也多集中于立法、妇联、警察、社区等单一领域,鲜有部门协作模式研究。在建设中国特色社会主义实践中,特别是在推进“四个全面”新形势新任务进程中,本文立意开展社会职能部门、社会工作者共同构建立体干预家庭暴力的协作模式研究,具有重要而深远的意义。本文把夫妻间家暴作为研究内容,以社会调查实证研究为基础,在论证社会工作介入家庭暴力必要性的基础上,对其可行性探索,借鉴国内外已有经验的同时,参考诸多学者的研究成果,探索构建社会工作多机构协作干预家庭暴力模式,把河北省L市家庭暴力危机干预中心作为调研对象开展工作。主要从四个部分进行探讨和研究:第一部分进行了社会工作干预家庭暴力的相关理论分析。主要明确家庭暴力的法律界定,阐述家庭暴力的隐蔽性、多样性、反复性等特点,追根溯源,提出产生家庭暴力问题的原因,诸如文化观念、法律不健全、心理疾病等等因素。针对以上特征、成因,借鉴支持干预家庭暴力的四个理论(社会支持理论、社会性别主流化理念、阻断循环理论、赋权增能理论),提出了从社会支持系统(包括正式组织和非正式组织)、男女平等观念、暴力代际传递、助人自助等角度干预家庭暴力的途径。第二部分对河北省L市社会工作干预家庭暴力调研情况进行分析。作者深入L市进行实地调研人口统计资料、近三年家庭暴力状况,并对L市家庭暴力干预中心工作调研,包括指导思想、中心领导小组、成员构成、工作制度、工作流程、工作进展等等,全面介绍其工作模式;进而通过对其个案处理过程介绍,呈现家庭暴力解决过程中遇到的问题和取得的成效。最后总结L市家庭暴力干预中心的宝贵经验,同时,也反思在现实条件下家庭暴力干预过程中存在的不足。第三部分分析了目前我国社会工作干预家庭暴力现状和存在的问题。近些年我国在干预家庭暴力工作方面取得了一定程度进展,比如,专项反家庭暴力的立法工作提上人大议事日程;心理援助介入家庭暴力干预工作;一些地方出现反家庭暴力专项部门。存在的不足主要有:立法缺失导致执法不力,缺乏法律依据;反家庭暴力文化缺失,使得家庭暴力意识及社会氛围不够;职能部门和有关方面各自为政,反家庭暴力维权缺乏系统支持;社会资源散落,缺乏统一的协调运作,工作实效有限等等。第四部分构建了社会工作干预家庭暴力协作模式。家庭暴力并非家庭私事,涉及受害人的人权保护、心身创伤治疗,都需要社会参与;还有其子女目睹家庭暴力或一同被家庭暴力后,孩子抚养问题;还有施暴者的心理问题及其现实困难,甚至还有家庭所处的家族背景、家族重要成员的观念态度,家庭暴力代际传递等复杂问题。这涉及人身保护和子女抚养监护权,医疗部门的伤情鉴定和治疗,人身安全的庇护与安置,经济生活的协助或补助,心理创伤的慰藉和治疗等等都需要社会参与重建。需要包括政府部门、司法执法、妇联、社区、媒体、社会工作者、心理咨询师、医护人员及法律援助人员等诸多方面,在各自的服务领域内予以专业的干预救助。成立专项家庭暴力干预中心,并根据案件发生的时间层次,构建预防宣传、初期介入、危机干预三级防护体系,形成多部门协作干预模式。家庭暴力问题原因复杂,危害严重,涉及多个社会领域专业知识,因此构建社会多部门共同协作干预家暴的工作模式,实施全面有效的干预,形成反家暴的社会体系。从而保护受害者权益,减少家暴给妇女、儿童造成的心灵伤害,降低因家暴引发的犯罪率,消除这一社会隐痛,维护社会和谐稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Domestic violence, particularly against children, women, and senior citizens, has become a social problem all over the world. In recent years, various kinds of domestic violence cases can often be found in newspapers, especially the extreme cases of domestic violence and domestic violence news about celebrities, which have caused extensive social discussions and become the hot focus of social studies and draw much public attention. Survey data show that Chinese domestic violence cases in the 1990 s rose by 25.4% than that in 1980 s, and foreign incidences are also on the rise, which consequently cause serious social problems. Domestic violence not only endangers the personal safety and undermines family harmony, but also leads to other social issues such as disintegration of the family, female crime, and psychological distortions of children, all of which would ultimately affect social stability. Domestic violence cannot be regarded as private events under microscopic perspective anymore, such sayings as “wash one’s dirty linen at home,” “it is just my own wife who I beat”, and “the public should not and is improper to interfere with such things” are no longer to be the excuses. Actually, it is an all-round social work, requiring both functional departments and professional social workers to intervene with. Therefore, how to effectively intervene with family violence is an urgent new task given to the social work in such new situation.Domestic violence involving cultural values, legal definition, judicial intervention, women’s rights, psychological trauma, medical aid and other aspects of social work need to be cared about by joint effort. At present, Chinese intervention in the domestic violence is mainly implemented by the Women’s Federation which seems quite weak in the actual process of intervention because of limited powers. At present, studies on domestic violence are also mainly concentrated on unilateral such areas as legislation, the Women’s Federation,and police, and communities, and there is few study on department collaboration mode. In the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, particularly in the process of promoting the “four comprehensive” new situation and tasks, this paper aims to carry out a research on building multi-dimensional collaboration mode of intervening with domestic violence between functional departments and social workers, which would be of great importance and far-reaching significance.Based on empirical study of social surveys, this paper demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of intervening with domestic violence through social work. And then explores to construct the multi-agency collaboration mode on domestic violence intervention by learning from the experience abroad and the domestic research achievement. The author takes Domestic Violence Crisis Intervention Center in L in Hebei province as the research object. This paper is discussed and researched mainly from four parts:In the first part, it carries out the related theories on domestic violence with social work intervention. It mainly clears the legal definition of domestic violence and states its hidden, diversified and recurrent features. It traces to the source to propose the causes of domestic violence, such as the ideas of gender culture, imperfect law, mental illness, etc. For the characteristics and causes mentioned above, it references four supporting theories in domestic violence intervention, i.e., the social support theory, the concept of social gender mainstreaming, the blocking circulation theory and the empowerment theory. It presents the ways of domestic violence intervention from the perspective of social support system(including formal and informal organization), the concept of gender equality, blocking the intergenerational transmission violence and self-reliance.In the second part, it analyzes the investigation on the domestic violence with social work intervention in L city, Hebei Province. The author deeps into the L city to investigate the materials about demographic statistics and domestic violence petition in recent three years. And it also investigate the work of Domestic Violence Intervention Center in L city, including the guiding ideology, the group of central leadership, member constitution, work systems, work processes and work developments, etc. and it introduces its working model comprehensively. And then it shows the encountered problems in dealing with the domestic violence and its effectiveness by introducing the processes of the case study. Finally, it summarizes the valuable experience of the Domestic Violence Intervention Center in L city. Meanwhile, it also reflects the deficiencies during the processes of the domestic violence intervention under the realistic conditions.In the third part, it analyzes the current situation and the existing problems on the domestic violence with social work intervention in China. The domestic violence intervention in China has made certain progresses in recent years, such as “some suggestions on the prevention and suppression of domestic violence” proposed by the National Women’s Federation, the Propaganda Department of Central Committee, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Health, the anti-domestic violence law specifically mentioned on the NPC legislative agenda, the domestic violence intervention with the psychological assistance intervention, and the specific department on anti-domestic violence occurs in some places. The existing problems are: the inadequate law enforcement led by lack of legislation; the lack of legal basis; the lack of anti-domestic violence culture which makes the domestic violence awareness and social atmosphere not enough; the lack of systematic support for the anti-domestic violence activist owing to the lack of coordination between the functional and its related departments; the scattered social resources; lack of unified and coordinated operation; the limited effectiveness of the work, and so on.In fourth part, it constructs the collaborative model of domestic violence intervention through social work. Domestic violence involves victims’ human rights protection, treatment on physical and psychological trauma, and social participation; children’s psychological problems and support issues after they have witnessed domestic violence or have been abused together, psychological problems and practical difficulties of perpetrators; there are even other complex social problems like family context, the concept and attitude of important family members, the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence and so on. These involve children support custody, injury assessment and treatment by the health sector, personal protection and resettlement, assistance or subsidy for economic life, comfort and treatment of psychological trauma, etc., which require social engagement and reconstruction. Government, judicial organization, women’s federation, communities, media, social workers, psychological counselors, medical staff and legal aid donors, can do professional intervention and assistance in their respective service areas, meanwhile conduct collaboration among these agencies. Established Domestic Violence Intervention Center is responsible for the collaboration model, and concludes the principle members among multiple departments. Based on the occurring time of the cases, the center builds three-level protection system involving prevention propaganda, early intervention, and crisis intervention, and then identifies a clear system of job duties, job content and referral mechanism for the formation of multi-sectoral collaboration intervention model.The cause of family violence problem is complex, and the result is serious, involving ma ny social professional knowledge. So we must build a working mode in which social departm ents should work together and implement comprehensive and effective intervention, thus for ming a kind of social system against domestic violence. Only in this way, can we protect the victims’ rights, reduce the psychic damage caused by domestic violence to women, children, r educe crime rate, eliminate the social ache, and maintain social harmony and stability.更多还原