【作者】 李靖；

【导师】 张跃进；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 音乐学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 名曲《二泉映月》的作者阿炳,学名华彦钧。他是我国著名的民间音乐家。他在音乐上的贡献妇孺皆知。然而,阿炳在其家乡无锡也是一个饱受争议的人。他出身不伦,为掩人耳目,称其父为“师父”。然而,阿炳的“师父”是一位了不起的道教乐师,善于演奏各种乐器。跟着这位“师父”,阿炳成长为远近闻名的“小天师”。似乎阿炳的一生中始终是毁誉并存,成年后的阿炳凭着不凡的音乐技艺本来生活得衣食无忧,但是他却有了不良嗜好,致使眼睛失明,生活陷入困境。困顿中的阿炳在街头卖艺,心中苦闷、悲凉。在精神、物质都备受折磨的情况下,“依心曲”《二泉映月》在阿炳的琴上诞生了。乐曲或怀念故去的师父、或思索自己走过的人生路、或感叹生活的不幸、或向往美好生活。1950年8月,杨荫浏等一行人专赴无锡,用当时中央音乐学院刚进口的钢丝录音机记录下了《二泉映月》等6首阿炳演奏的音乐,使阿炳的音乐得以流传。上个世纪70年代,吴祖强、储望华将《二泉映月》分别改编为弦乐合奏和钢琴独奏,使得该曲得以走向世界。二胡、钢琴、弦乐合奏属于中西两个不同的文化环境。两个文化环境有不同的历史和哲学,因而有不同的审美取向。所以,音乐审美观也不尽相同。中国传统的“天人合一”哲学思想渗透到音乐中,形成单线条优美旋律、即兴演奏或演唱等特点。而欧洲哲学崇尚数字、几何,科学,渗透到音乐中便形成严谨、和声、复调等音乐美学观。中国音乐,特别是民间音乐,重视“为自己服务”、“自娱”功能,而欧洲音乐重视的是“演奏给他人听”的“娱人”功能。二胡、钢琴、弦乐器由于出身于不同的文化环境,其制作理念、制作材料、形制、制作工艺、音色、音域、音量、律制等各不相同,因而演奏同一首音乐,给人的感受也不相同。二胡、钢琴、弦乐合奏的《二泉映月》,在音量、音色、力度、和声等音乐要素、曲式结构、精神意蕴、以何为本等方面有着很大区别,大众对三种版本的《二泉映月》感受也不一致,褒贬不一。如果站在中国传统文化的立场看,钢琴、弦乐合奏的《二泉映月》就会有很多遗憾。在多元文化背景下,我们不应用一种文化的审美观去衡量三种呈现方式的好与不好,因为钢琴版、弦乐合奏版的《二泉映月》属于跨文化交流的作品。它们对中西音乐文化交流以及中国音乐走向世界起到了促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 A Bing, the auther of the famous music Er Quan Ying Yue, is also named Hua Yanjun. He is a well-known Chinese folk musician。Even woman and children know his contributions in music. However, Bing is a controversial person in his hometown of Wuxi. He was born immoral. In order to cover other’s eyes and ears, he treated his father as a “master”. But Bing’s "master" was a great Taoist musicians, who was expert at playing a variety of musical instruments. Following the “master”, he grew into a “child prodigy”. Bing’s life was always seemed to praise but shame. After growing into an adult, Bing should have lived comfortably because of his extraordinary musical skills, but he had bad habits that resulting in blindness, which brought him a trouble life. Living in a bitter life, Bing entertained people in the street to make a living with a depressed and desolate heart. Under the circumstances of torment in spirit and material, Er Quan Ying Yue came out. The music was used to yearn the dead master or to think about the road he had passed or to sigh about his miserable life or to look forward to the beautiful life.In 1950 August, Yang Yinliu and his workmates went to Wuxi, using a wire recorder, which was imported from the Central Conservatory of Music, recorded 6 songs, including Er Quan Ying Yue, by A Bing, which made A Bing’s music survived.In the 70 s of last century, Wu Zuqiang and Chu Wanghua adapted Er Quan Ying Yue for String Orchestra and piano solo, which made the music to the world.The ensemble of erhu, piano and string belongs to two different cultures---- the western culture and Chinese ones. The two cultures have different history and philosophy backgrounds, which lead to different aesthetic orientations. So, their music aesthetics are also not the same.Chinese traditional "harmony" philosophy permeates into music, and form a single line, improvised melody played or sung etc.. While the European philosophy advocating digital, geometry, science, which penetrate into the music to form the music aesthetics of harmony, polyphony, rigorous. Chinese music, especially folk music, strengths "service" for self "entertainment" function, while the European music emphasizes the "entertainment" function of "playing for others".Since erhu, piano and string instruments were born in different cultural environments, their ideas of production, materials, shape, manufacture process, timbre, volume, range, legal system are not the same, thus give people different feelings while playing the same music,.Er Quan Ying Yue, played by Erhu, piano and string, are different in volume, tone, intensity, sound and other musical elements, musical structure, spiritual meaning, harmony. The public’s feeling is also mixed to the three versions.Standing at the point of Chinese traditional culture, there are many regrets in the Er Quan Ying Yue played by piano and string ensemble. In a multicultural circumstance, we cannot use cultural aesthetic to measure the presents of the three ways, for the piano version and the string ensemble version are the cross-cultural works. They accelerate the communication between the western and Chinese music culture and help the Chinese music set into the platform of the world.更多还原