【作者】 于敏；

【导师】 谢宗法；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 车辆工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的快速发展,工业上利用大型罐体运输车进行远距离运输的需求越来越大,罐体的尺寸和重量也在不断的在增加。在运送罐体的环节中,大型罐体运输车也受到越来越多的关注。在罐体运输的过程中,希望罐体运输车的强度和刚度在满足安全性的要求的前提下,不出现断裂和损坏并且质量较轻。本文采用ANSYS软件对大型罐体运输车进行有限元分析,分别分析了正常工况和过载工况的运输车结构的应变和位移情况,找到该罐体运输车结构的薄弱环节,提出机构的改进意见,并且对该罐体运输车进行了模态分析。本文针对大型罐体运输车进行了结构强度的分析,具体进行了以下工作：第一,三维建模及前处理。在Pro/e软件中建立了大型罐体运输车的三维模型,为了简化模型,模型中去除一些不重要的凸台及非承载性部位,将建立好的三维模型以.x-t的格式导入ANSYS workbench软件中,因为ANSYS.和Pro/e软件有很好的对接性,软件之间可以进行数据传输。然后在ANSYS软件中需要对模型进行定义材料参数、网格划分、施加边界和约束条件等前处理。第二,对运输车在200t正常载荷以及400t的极限载荷的情况下进行强度分析,得出各个结构部件和整体在两种工况下的应力和应变情况；然后,针对出现的问题,进行一些结构的改进和完善,指出改进的方向和措施,得出比较合理的结构形式；最后对大型罐体运输车的中间截面进行了材料力学的检验。利用材料力学的强度理论,对整体结构进行假设分析,建立了该罐体运输车的简支梁力学模型,并且将计算得到的中间截面最大应力点的应力与有限元分析的结果进行对比,发现误差仅为5.3%,证明所建立的有限元模型正确可行。第三,对大型罐体运输车进行模态分析,得出前10阶的固有频率和振型。在忽略1到6阶刚体状态后,得到了7到10阶的低阶频域的振型和固有频率,这些振型和固有频率对运输车的影响较大,其他高阶的振型和频率不再讨论。上述分析为防止罐体运输车受到来自和路面、发动机和传动轴的激励而发生共振提供了依据,提高运输车的稳定性和安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing development of national economy, the need of large tanks used in industry is being increased, the size and weight are also constantly on the rise. With regard to transport of the tanks, large tank truck has attracted more and more attention. It is desired that both strength and stiffness of the tank truck meet the requirements of security and the weight can be reduced as much as possible. The traditional design method is time-consuming and laborious with long design cycle. Finite element method is a numerical calculation method featured with high efficiency, can greatly reduce development costs.The analyses of structural strength for tank truck were carried on, mainly concluded as followings:(1) Three-dimensional modeling and pretreatment. The model was established in Pro/e, and in order to simplify the model, some small parts were omitted. Then the model was imported in ANSYS workbench software. The meshing, boundary condition and constraints were achieved.(2) Analyses of strength were performed under load of 200 ton for normal operating condition and 400 ton for maximum operating condition. The stress and strain of two cases were obtained. Some structural improvements were proposed aiming at avoiding those issues. Finally it is proved that a more reasonable structure was achieved. The calculation based on mechanics of materials was carried out. Based on theory of mechanics of materials, with some hypothesis on the whole structure, the tank truck model was established as typical simply supported beams and the maximum stress was attained. Compared with the results of finite element analysis, it is found that the error is only 5.3%. So it is proved that the feasibility of the established finite element model is correct.(3) Modal analysis was carried out on the tank truck, then natural frequency and mode of vibration for various orders were obtained. By ignoring rigid state of 1 to 6 order, orders from 7 to 10 play crucial effects on tank truck. The natural frequency and mode of vibration for other higher orders are no longer discussed. The presented analysis provides a basis for preventing resonance caused by stimulation such as engine, transmission shaft and road, resulting in improved stability and security.更多还原