【作者】 郭艳；

【导师】 方志伟；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 林业（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 福建武夷山有我国东南大陆现存面积最大而且保留最为完整的国家级自然保护区。开展武夷山生态公益林建设的研究,对于武夷山林业生态体系建设和林业分类经营更加科学化、规范化,加快武夷山生态公益林建设,提高建设质量和成效具有重要意义。本文以武夷山为主要研究区,以该地区的野外实地调查资料及相关的统计资源为数据源,对该研究区的生态公益林建设进行调查和研究,结果表明：(1)武夷山生态公益林当前的建设面积共计10.3万公顷,占武夷山市总林地面积的43.3%。其中省级以上重点生态公益林林地8.9万公顷(含自然保护区内2.5万公顷),县级生态公益林林地1.4万公顷。(2)武夷山生态公益林主要分布区域在五个大区：一是世界遗产地的风景林和水源涵养区；二是东溪水库及上游的水源涵养区；三是西溪饮用水水源涵养区；四是生物多样性保护区；五是东、南和中部的水源涵养、水土保持区。(3)目前武夷山生态公益林的主要类型有：常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、落叶阔叶林、竹林、中山苔藓矮曲林、山地草甸。(4)目前武夷山生态公益林建设的主要不足包括：a.关于生态公益林的政策规定太繁琐且有相当一部分政策的合理性还有待商榷,在很大程度上制约了生态公益林的经营与管理；b.补偿标准太低且补偿方式过于单一,目前补偿金是按生态公益林的面积进行补偿,所有生态公益林全部都是按统一标准进行补偿显然是不太合理的；c.武夷山的生态公益林森林资源遭到严重的破坏,执法力度跟不上生态公益林发展的速度；d.武夷山生态公益林目前的树种结构并不是十分合理,没有完全发挥其应有的生态功能。e.武夷山部分地区还保留着炼山造林的陋习,导致水土流失现象。(5)武夷山生态公益林可持续发展的对策：a本着因害设防、生态优先、合理布局、相对集中的原则进行生态公益林建设.b加大生态建设规模,武夷山市委、市政府统一部署,应对重点区位和保护地带内未纳入省级以上生态公益林范畴的林分,以及商品林中的天然阔叶树林分,只要林权所有者和经营者同意划入生态公益林并签订生态公益林界定书,可以列入县级生态公益林.c.科学调整生态公益林林分结构,优化林分质量；对生态公益林进行足够的抚育,有效降低生态公益林病虫害所造成的损失,防止生态公益林遭到人为的破坏；对生态公益林的林种结构以及林龄结构进行调整,提倡针阔混交林,减少针叶纯林,建立稳定、高效的生态公益林,提高生态公益林抗病虫害能力,保障生态公益林的多功能效益充分发挥。d.完善生态公益林的相关机制；补偿机制以及生态公益林的森林资源监测体系是目前生态公益林研究的两大重要模块,要发展生态公益林就必须要从这两方面入手。建立生态公益林补偿机制是推动生态公益林发展的有效手段之一,是林业可持续发展的需要。e.树立共同发展观,加大生态公益林建设。共同发展是森林生态补偿的法律制度的创新和完善既能使环境法的价值目标更好和更快地实现,又能够促进市场经济和环境保护工作的可持续发展。f.拓展生态公益林营林资金的获取途径资金来源多元化可以减少生态公益林的建设的障碍,生态公益林的建设是为了整个社会的受益,因此各个领域都应当对这项公益事业的建设予以关注并参与到其中。h.加强对重点生态区位的保护武夷山市应暂停重点区域和全市天然林林木采伐。对全市符合采伐要求的人工林,经审批采伐后必须进行造林绿化,原则上不批准开垦茶山,且采伐林地面积的20%以上要种植阔叶树。g.建立了完善的生态林管护体系建立并完善生态公益林管护责任制,签订管护合同,把管护监督责任落实到人,各林业站(采育场)工作人员对生态公益林的管护责任进行分片包干,落实管护监督责任,并积极开展生态林保护的指导服务工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fujian Wuyishan National Nature Reserve is the largest area of Southeast China continent and retain the most in subtropical forest ecosystem integrity. Author of Wuyishan ecological public welfare forest construction are studied, the hope can let the future of Wuyishan forestry ecological system construction and forestry classification management more scientific, standardized, speeding up the Wuyishan the construction of ecological public welfare forest and forestry ecological engineering construction, improve construction quality and effectiveness. This paper takes Wuyishan as the research area, the area of the field survey data and related statistical resources as the data source, the investigation and Study on the construction of ecological public welfare forest in the area, the results showed that:(1) The construction of the Wuyishan ecological public welfare forest area of 1541000 mu, accounting for the total land area of Wuyishan City,43.3%. The above the provincial level key ecological public welfare forest woodland 1339000 mu (including the nature protection area of 377000 acres), the ecological public welfare forest 202000 acres of woodland.(2) Ecological public welfare forest in Wuyishan are mainly distributed in five regions:one is the world heritage scenic forest and water conservation district; two is the water conservation district Dongxi reservoir and upstream; three is the Xixi conservation areas of drinking water; four is the bio diversity protection zone; five is to the East, South and central water conservation, water and soil conservation areas.(3) At present, the main types of ecological public welfare forest in Wuyishan: evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaved forest, bamboo forest, Zhongshan elfin forest, mountain meadow. Evergreen broad-leaved forest is the main forest in Wuyishan nature reserve, Wuyishan is the base of vertical vegetation belts. This type in this area is very big. about distribution in altitude 300-1100m. Coniferous forest zone is mainly distributed in the altitudes between 1100-1650m, where 1100-1200m is the transition of Masson Pine and Mount Huangshan pine belt. The proportion of conifer and broadleaf trees with a regular change with the elevation of the. As the altitude increased conifer, broadleaf tree decreases with the increasing altitude. Distribution of coniferous forest is widely used, in the vertical zone spectrum in the range is very wide, mainly distributed in the altitude of 200m-1900m within the range.(4) At present the main problems of construction of ecological public welfare forest in Wuyishan include:a. On the ecological public welfare forest policy too cumbersome and a considerable part of the rationality of policy remains to be determined, to a great extent restricted the operation of business and management of ecological public welfare forest, or even seriously affected the enthusiasm of ecological public welfare forest, caused great obstacles for the development of forest;b. The compensation standard is too low and the compensation is too single, the compensation is to compensate the ecological public welfare forest area, all the ecological public welfare forest are compensated according to the unified standard is obviously not reasonable;c. Wuyishan ecological forest has been severely damaged, many key projects engrossment ecological forest in the development process and does not take other remedial measures, law enforcement can not keep up the pace of destruction of ecological public welfare forest;d. Ecological public welfare forest in Wuyishan at present, tree structure is not very reasonable, not fully play its ecological function. Wuyishan city existing natural coniferous forest 670000 mus, key area artificial coniferous forest 160000 mus. Because of coniferous forest is difficult to achieve self-renewal, and stand age after prone to diseases and pests and forest fires;e. Perfect relevant mechanisms of ecological public welfare forest;Compensation mechanism and the forest resources dynamic monitoring system of ecological public welfare forest is the ecological public welfare forest research two important module.f. Set up the development and common development concept;Acceptance of the social economic development level and social values of the forest will affect people’s understanding of forest function, when social economy develops to a certain height, the forest function demand will occur a series of changes, so the sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest can differentiate into all kinds of different levels.Mainly includes:the sustainable human get benefits from the ecological public welfare forest; sustainable forest products; forest ecological system of self maintenance and sustainability of the self recovery. Common development is the innovation of the legal system of forest ecological compensation and improve not only can make the value target of better and faster implementation of environmental law.g. Expand access to Ecological Public Welfare Forest Silviculture funds;Capital source diversification can reduce the ecological public welfare forest construction of the barrier, the ecological public welfare forest construction is to benefit the whole society, so all the fields for the construction of the public welfare undertakings shall be concerned and involved.h. Strengthen the protection of key ecological location.;Wuyishan suspended the tree cutting in key areas and the natural forest. Of the city comply with the requirements of artificial forest cutting, cutting must be carried out after approval by the afforestation, in principle does not approve the tea break, and the above cutting forest area of 20% planting broadleaf trees.i. The establishment of a sound ecological forest management and protection system.Establish and improve the ecological non-commercial forest management contract responsibility system; sign;更多还原