【作者】 张海峰；

【导师】 王洪鑫；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 区域物流与企业管理（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 一直以来,森林生态效益补偿都是当今世界上关系环境经济、社会调和可持续发展的热点问题。森林是地球上陆地生态系统的主体,起着重要的生态保护作用。但长期以来森林生态效益价值并没有得到很好的实现的原因是价值补偿问题,森林资源生产者对深林保护的积极性被严重损伤,因此,建立完善的森林生态补偿机制,己成为当前亟待解决的问题。本文以牡丹江为例,在对森林生态补偿的相关概念进行阐述的基础上,进一步对牡丹江市有关森林生态环境价值补偿的现状进行分析,并且对牡丹江市森林生态补偿的问题进行了分析,发现:经济发展与森林保护矛盾突出;耕地面积减少与剩余劳动力的矛盾;经费和专业人才的匮乏与森林资源保护的矛盾;另外一个重要的原因还表现在森林经营主体的参与问题,推进补偿制度的长效机制有待进一步建立。选择适宜牡丹江市的补偿标准分析,对牡丹江市森林生态补偿价值进行核算,将牡丹江市退耕还林作为主要的研究对象,采用机会成本法、恢复费用法和防护费用法这3种常用计算方法进行计算,结果发现:不论是哪种单一方法的使用,该生态补偿价值量都不能被准确而全面的核实,随着分析进一步深入,,经过进一步的分析,综合考虑牡丹江市森林的具体情况,最后决定采取对牡丹江市整个森林的生态环境补偿的不同补偿部分分段核算的核算思路,得出针对所有补偿对象(包括退耕农民)的整个森林(退耕还林、天然林)的生态环境补偿的核算方法。根据牡丹江市的情况,根据森林生态补偿的原则,对牡丹江市森林生态补偿方式进行分析,得出牡丹江市森林生态补偿的主体有政府补偿、市场补偿以及社会补偿三大类。适合牡丹江市的补偿手段有国家财政无偿扶持、征收生态补偿税、征收全民义务植树绿化费、进行押金制和执行保证金、给予技术与政策补偿。对完善牡丹江市森林生态环境补偿机制提出相应的对策建议,希望对牡丹江市森林生态环境补偿的核算及问题分析与完善建议,能够为牡丹江市的森林生态补偿提供一定的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issue of forest eco-efficiency compensation has always been a hot topic relating to environment, economy, social harmony and sustainable development in the present world. Forest is the main body of the ecological environment on the earth. It plays an important role in ecological protection. But taking for a long time, forest ecological benefits of value can’t be very good implementation, which made the value of forest resource producers get its due compensation. And this serious damaged to people to protect the enthusiasm of the forest. Establishing a perfect forest ecological compensation mechanism has become the current problems to be solved.Taking Mudanjiang as an example, on the basis of related concepts, it has been analyzed about the present situation of the value compensation of forest ecological environment. And it’s forest ecological compensation problem has been analyzed and found that the obvious contradiction between economic development and the forest protection; The contradiction between cultivated land decrease and surplus labor force; The shortage of funds and the lack of professional and technical personnel increase pressure of forest resources protection; Less involved in forest management main body; Long-term mechanism remains to be further establish compensation system.Choosing appropriate compensation standard analysis of Mudanjiang and accounting the value of Mudanjiang forest ecological compensation, the thesis used the methods of opportunity cost, recovery payments shall be cost of usage and protection method for its calculation. The results were analysis, found that only a single method for the basic cannot verify accurate and comprehensive compensation value, through further analysis, comprehensive consideration of the specific conditions in Mudanjiang forest, finally decided to take the Mudanjiang different compensation part of the forest ecological environment compensation section accounting ideas, it is concluded that for all compensation objects(including the farmers) to the entire forest ecological environment(returning farmland to forest, natural forest)compensation method of accounting.According to the circumstance of Mudanjiang, based on the principle of forest ecological compensation, analyzing the Mudanjiang forest ecological compensation mode, it has been concluded that the main body of Mudanjiang forest ecological compensation has the government compensation and market compensation and social compensation three categories. Suitable for compensation means of Mudanjiang city are free of charge by the national finance support, levy a tax on ecological compensation, a national compulsory tree-planting afforestation fees, deposit system and perform margin, technology and policy compensation.To perfect the Mudanjiang forest ecological environment compensation mechanism is put forward the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions. Hoping that the Mudanjiang forest ecological environment of compensation calculation and problem analysis and improvement suggestion can provide a certain basis for Mudanjiang forest ecological compensation.更多还原