【作者】 王晓丹；

【导师】 周兵；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 化学工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料的研究是近年来的热点领域,其实际的技术应用会给社会发展带来巨大的进步。纳米材料的独特结构决定了其独特的化学性质,从而使其在很多领域都展现出不可估量的应用前景。燃料电池因其高的能量转换效率、低的环境污染近年来得到全世界范围内科研工作者的广泛关注。催化剂的使用在燃料电池的应用中显得十分重要。本文主要围绕着新型纳米材料的合成及其在电催化应用方面的研究开展,研究成果如下:(1)合成具有可控形貌的碳负载的Pd纳米立方体,利用Pd纳米材料强的氢吸附能力,通过NaBH4处理除去Pd纳米立方体表面存在的PVP,从而得到具有增强甲醇氧化电催化活性的表面洁净的碳负载的Pd纳米立方体。(2)通过简单、低成本一步合成法制备了表面洁净的碳负载的Pd立方八面体纳米复合材料。发现该材料与商业Pd/C催化剂和带有表面活性剂PVP的Pd/C催化剂进行对比,碳负载的Pd立方八面体(Pd/C)都具有更好的甲酸氧化催化活性。(3)发展了一种制备独特的多面体形貌的纳米框架结构合金Cu3Pt的简便方法。此方法具有简单、迅速、质量高、重复性好并且不需要复杂的后处理过程。更重要的是合成的纳米框架结构合金Cu3Pt对于氧还原表现了很好的电催化活性。希望通过本文的研究,设计制备出具有高的催化活性和稳定性的表面洁净的燃料电池催化剂,同时探索出具有更高效的低Pt和Pd基催化剂进而降低了Pt在燃料电池催化剂中的使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of nanomaterials is a hot topic in recent years. Actually, the practical technical application of nanomaterials has brought huge advancement to the social development. Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties due to their unique structures,thus enabling them potentially for promising application prospects in different fields. Because of the high efficiency of energy conversion and low environmental pollution of fuel cell, it has drawn extensive attention from scientific researchers in the world in recent years. The use of catalyst is very important in the application of fuel cell.We carried out a series of systematic research work on design and electrocatalytic application of novel nanostructured materials. The main achievements are ourlined as following:(1)Because of the high efficiency of energy conversion and low environmental pollution of fuel cell, it has drawn extensive attention from scientific researchers in the world in recent years. The use of catalyst is very important in the application of fuel cell.(2)Carbon laden Pd octahedral nano-composites that are clean on the surface are prepared through simple and low-cost one-step synthesis. After compared this material with commercial Pd/C catalyst and Pd/C catalyst that contains surfactant PVP, the carbon laden Pd/C has great performance regarding to the catalytic activity and oxidization of formic acid.(3) A simple method that can be used to prepare unique Cu3 Pt alloy with nano frame structure and polyhedral features is developed. The features of this method are: simple, fast, high quality and good repetition. Besides, there is no complicated post-processing afterwards. More importantly, the composite alloy with nano frame structure has great electrocatalytic activity in terms of oxygen reduction.The author wish to develop and prepare a kind of fuel-cell catalyst that has high catalytic activity and stability and is clean on the surface through the study in this paper. Meanwhile, it is expected to find out high-efficient low-Pt and Pd catalyst to reduce the use of Pt in fuel cell catalyst.更多还原