【作者】 姜涛；

【导师】 宋桂秋；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 车辆工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着铁路技术的不断发展创新,高速列车在铁路交通中得到了迅猛发展,于此同时,乘客对高速列车的乘坐舒适度要求越来越高,列车的乘坐舒适性越来越受到人们的重视。座椅是旅客的承载工具,直接对人体起到支撑和缓冲车体振动的作用,所以座椅是影响乘坐舒适性的重要环节。高速列车运行环境复杂,如何提高复杂振动环境中的人椅动态舒适性,改善乘坐动态舒适性感受就成了一个十分重要的课题。针对对列车人—椅的动态特性分析相对滞后的现状,本文首先对车-人-座椅系统建立了七自由度耦合振动模型。以该模型为基础,采用350km/h高速列车地板谱作为输入,通过Matlab仿真求解人体响应；通过位移传递率、视在质量、机械阻抗的计算公式,计算人体动态特性参数。对求得的参数进行优化,得到最佳刚度、阻尼比,由最佳刚度、阻尼比与普通客车等的座椅刚度、阻尼在同等环境下进行动态特性对比,结果证明,采用最佳刚度、阻尼比的座椅的动态特性最好,能改善高速列车的舒适性。设计了人—椅系统动态特性实验方案,用实验方法测得头部、臀部响应加速度,座椅椅面速度响应,座椅椅面激励力,利用实验测得数据计算位移传递率、视在质量、机械阻抗等人体动态特性参数的实验,通过吻合度公式,比较理论计算和实验测试的人-椅系统动态特性,证明理论值和实际情况相吻合,从而验证理论计算的正确性。针对传统动态舒适性评价方法只能定性评价舒适度不能定量分析舒适度的问题,从心理学角度引入了烦恼率概念和烦恼率计算方法,量化分析了350km/h下的高速列车内部动态舒适度；并和IS02631标准下的高速列车动态舒适性分析结果进行比对,发现二者有较大的一致性,弥补了传统方法的局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of railway technology innovation, high-speed trains in the railway traffic has been rapid development, At the same time, high-speed train passengers ride comfort increasingly high demand, the train ride comfort more and more people’s attention. Passenger seat is carrying tools directly on the human body play a supporting role and buffer body vibration, so the impact of seat comfort is an important part. High-speed train operation environment is complex, how to improve the complex vibration environments who chairs dynamic comfort, improved ride comfort and dynamic experience becomes a very important issue.For people on the train-chair of the dynamic characteristics of lagging behind the status quo, this paper first car-person-seating systems to establish a seven degrees of freedom coupled vibration model. In this model, using 350km/h high-speed train floor spectrum as input, through Matlab simulation solving human response; through displacement transfer rate, depending on the quality, mechanical impedance formula to calculate body dynamics parameters. The obtained parameters are optimized to obtain the best stiffness and damping ratio, from the best stiffness, damping ratio of an ordinary passenger seat and the stiffness and damping in the same environment for dynamic feature comparison, the results show that using the best stiffness, damping ratio of the best dynamic characteristics of a seat, can improve the comfort of high-speed trains.Designed a person-chair system dynamics experimental program experimentally measured head, buttocks response acceleration, seat chair surface velocity response, seat chair surface excitation force, calculated using the experimentally measured displacement data transfer rate, depending on the quality of mechanical impedance dynamic characteristic parameters of human experiments, through the goodness of fit formula to compare theoretical calculations and experimental testing of people-chair system dynamics to prove the theoretical value and the actual situation coincide, thus verifying the correctness of theoretical calculations.The traditional dynamic comfort evaluation method can only qualitative evaluation but can not comfort quantitative analysis comfort issues, from the psychological point of view the introduction of the concept of trouble and annoyance rate rate calculation methods, quantitative analysis of 350km/h high-speed trains under the internal dynamics of Comfort; and ISO2631 standards of comfort and high-speed train dynamic analysis results were compared and found a greater consistency between the two to make up for the limitations of traditional methods.更多还原