【作者】 张大力；

【导师】 马广程；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 控制工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 空间目标监测是国家空间战略信息获取的重要途径,对国家安全有着重要意义,其中轨道预报是空间监测任务的基础环节。近地轨道由于空间环境较为复杂,实际任务中往往使用仅考虑地球非球形摄动主要摄动项的模型进行轨道预报,因此成为该领域的研究热点和难点。因此,本文针对近地空间目标高精度轨道预报算法的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。首先,本文查阅了大量文献,总结了目前国内外针对轨道预报和初轨确定的研究现状,介绍了轨道动力学研究所用到的时间和坐标系系统,分析了轨道动力学模型和受摄运动模型,推导了相对运动方程。然后,研究了空间合作目标的轨道预报算法,从绝对轨道预报解析算法和数值算法两个方面展开,结合轨道动力学中对摄动理论的研究,考虑主要摄动因素,建立了较为完善的受摄动力学模型,分析了近地空间目标在轨运行特征,并给出不同摄动条件下的高精度数值算法。其次,研究了天基观测的初轨确定算法。首先分析了天基观测的方式和模型,然后从几何条件和光学条件两个方面出发研究了天基观测的可观测性,在传统Laplace定轨方法基础上推导了考虑2J摄动的定轨方法,同时,研究了考虑2J摄动的迭代初值选取问题,提高了定轨精度,保证了迭代的收敛性,并进行了仿真分析。最后,研究了非合作目标轨道跟踪预报问题。首先推导了C-W方程的状态空间表达式和天基观测的观测模型,然后基于卡尔曼滤波原理设计跟踪滤波器,得到相对轨道数据,并结合天基平台的数据转化为绝对轨道,实现了在仅知道当前时刻天基平台的轨道数据和短弧段内对目标的观测信息情况下的轨道预报技术,并进行了数学仿真分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Space Target monitoring, which has important significance for national security, is an important way to the National Spatial Strategy to obtain information. The orbit prediction is the basic stage of space surveillance mission. Since the space environment of near-earth orbit is very complex, the main perturbation to the non-spherical gravity is the only factor which is considered in actual orbit prediction tasks, so it became hot topic in the field. Therefore, the research on high accuracy orbits predicting algorithm for near-earth objective in this paper has important theoretical and practical value.First of all, this paper consult a large number of documents, summarizes the research status at home and abroad for the orbit prediction and initial orbit determination, introduce the time and coordinate system which is used in the orbital dynamics, analyze the orbit dynamics model and perturbed motion model, derive equations of relative motion.Then, this paper studies the orbit prediction algorithm of cooperation targets from parsing algorithms and numerical algorithms two parts, combined orbital dynamics with the studies of perturbation theory, establish a more comprehensive perturbed dynamics model considered main perturbation factors, and analyze the orbiting characteristics about the target in the near-Earth space.Secondly, this paper studies the initial orbit determination algorithm of space-based observation. Firstly, this paper analyze the method of space-based observations, and studies the observability of space-based observation from geometry and optical conditions. Based on the traditional methods called Laplace, this paper derived orbit determination with 2J-perturbation, improved the accuracy of orbit determination and ensure the convergence of the iteration.Finally, this paper studies the non-cooperative orbit target prediction. Firstly, this paper derived the state space representation of C-W equation and the observation model of space-based observation, and design tracking filter by using Kalman filter principles. After getting the relative orbit data, the relative orbit can translate to absolute orbit through the known orbit parameter of the space-based platform, succeed in orbit prediction with orbit data of space-based platforms and short arcs observation information, and give the mathematical simulation.更多还原