【作者】 陈彬；

【导师】 谭建宇；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 动力工程及工程热物理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着红外探测与制导技术在军事领域的广泛应用,目标辐射特性的研究已成为国内外红外领域研究的重点问题。近年来,各国对领海主权问题高度重视,增强海上军事力量是维护国家利益的强大后盾。而舰船作为海上战场的主要工具已成为了重点研究对象。研究舰船红外辐射特性能够为其探测定位提供特征参数,同时也能为自身防护提供理论依据,凭借实际军事的强烈需求和广泛的应用背景,成为各国海军及国防部门的热点课题。本文以某型号的舰船为研究对象,对其红外辐射特性进行分析。首先根据几何尺寸和温度估算对舰船几何模型进行合理简化,并对其简化几何模型进行网格划分,然后分析其传热特点及规律,对内部传热进行简化并选择合理的边界条件与辐射模型,通过数值计算得到舰船表面的温度场分布。计算结果表明航行过程中的舰船主要高温红外辐射源为烟囱排烟出口、动力舱部位及相控阵雷达表面,其中最高温度出现在烟囱排烟出口,约为450 K。在计算温度分布的基础上,采用蒙特卡罗射线踪迹法计算并获得了舰船在不同探测方向的辐射特性。得到了日照时间,航行方向和探测波段等多种重要参量对舰船辐射特性的影响。此外,舰船作为海洋特定环境下的目标,不能脱离背景而独立存在,因此需建立合适的海面模型来分析舰船在海面背景下的红外辐射特性。本文利用Cox-Munk粗糙海面模型和遮蔽函数,并结合蒙特卡洛方法计算粗糙海面反射特性。分析海面辐射的组成部分,结合粗糙海面双向反射分布函数计算并得到了不同入射角,不同风速以及不同红外波段下海面辐射亮度随探测角度的变化规律,计算结果与实测结果比较,其误差小于15%。红外热像可以直观且定性地判别舰船目标的特征部位、分析舰船与海面的对比特征。本文考虑大气传输的衰减作用,根据坐标变换及投影法则分别模拟海面背景和舰船目标的红外热像,并将舰船与海面的红外热像进行融合,分析探测高度及探测角度对海面背景下舰船目标红外特征的影响。分析结果表明,由于大气衰减的影响,随着探测高度的增加,舰船最高辐射亮度减小。对于不同探测天顶角,垂直方向为最佳探测角度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the widely application of infrared detection and guidance technology in the military field, the research on radiation characteristics of target have become the key issues in the field of infrared radiation both in China and abroad. In recent years, various countries attach great importance to the issue of sovereignty over territorial waters, while the powerful backing to safeguard the national interests is to enhanced naval forces. The naval vessel has become the focus of the study as the main tool in the sea battle. The research on infrared radiation characteristics of naval vessel can offer characteristic parameters for detecting it, meanwhile it also can provide theoretical basis for their own protection, which has become a hot topic in States Navy and the defense sector with its strong demand and application of practical military background.In this paper, a type of naval vessel is chosen to analysis the infrared radiation characteristics. First, according to the geometric dimensions and temperature estimates build simplified geometric model naval vessel reasonably and complete the grid division of it. And then calculated surface temperature distribution of naval vessel through numerical method before analyzing the characteristics of heat transfer model, simplifing the internal heat reasonably and reasonable boundary conditions and radiation models is chosen. The results show that the major infrared radiation source of a moving naval vessel including exhaust chimney, power cabin site and phased array radar surface. The highest temperature appears in the chimney flue outlet, is about 450 K. On the basis of the temperature distribution we prepare the program calculates the radiation characteristics in different naval vessel detection direction with the use of Monte Carlo ray tracing method. We workout the effect of duration of sunshine obtained, navigation direction and detection band on radiation characteristics of the naval vessel.In addition, naval vessel can not exist out of the sea background as the specific target in it, therefore it’s needed to establish an appropriate model to analyze sea surface infrared radiation characteristics. In this paper, reflection characteristics of sea surface is calculated by using Cox-Munk rough sea surface model, masking functions and programming combined with Monte Carlo method. It calculates the trends of sea surface radiance over the detect angle under different angles of incidence, different wind and different infrared wavelengths,combined with the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of rough sea surface,furthermore calculated and measured values are compared, the error does not exceed 15%.Infrared thermal imaging can visually analyze the contrast characteristics of the target and background, it also can identify the feature site for its recognition. From project demands, infrared image of sea background and naval vessel targets are simulated separately based on the coordinate transformation, projection rules and the attenuation of atmospheric transport. Then, fuse the infrared image of target and background and analysis of the infrared thermal imaging of naval vessel targets under sea background with different working condition. The results show that, due to the effects of atmospheric attenuation, as detection range increases, the maximum radiation brightness reducing naval vessel. Vertical is the best detection angle during the different detection zenith.更多还原