【作者】 孙涛；

【导师】 张兴梅； 赵玺灵；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国城镇供暖规模以年均10%的增速飞速增长,这导致了我国北方地区供暖热源紧缺的局面,并且由于冬季供热造成的大面积雾霾天气,也迫使供暖行业寻找新的热源突破口。炼油企业面临严峻的节能降耗压力,但目前大量低品位余热在生产过程中仍直接排放到环境中,由于炼厂内缺乏适宜的低温热用户,所以解决余热利用问题是目前工业节能的重点和难点之一。基于上述背景,将炼油厂余热用于供暖解决了炼油厂余热利用的难题,同时也减少了新建大型集中供暖热源带来的化石能源消耗,取得经济效益的同时降低了对环境的污染。本文针对炼油厂工艺余热作为集中供暖热源开展了研究工作。以实际对炼油厂调研得到的数据,经对比分析总结出典型炼油装置的余热产生位置和余热量大小等规律,归纳出不同种类余热的特性;提出余热整合的方法,利用T-Q图工具,直观的展示出炼油厂余热分布特点,通过对炼油厂自身工艺对余热需求量进行的分析,确定可用于供暖的炼油厂余热资源。余热供暖的实质为炼油厂、热力站和热用户处的三个传热过程。对热力站放热过程进行了研究,通过对比分析得出了热力站最优化的配置方式;对厂内取热过程进行的研究,分析了夹点供水温度随回水温度的波动情况,提出厂内提升供水温度后最优化的取热配置方式,最终确定了余热供暖系统的初步流程,研究了系统在整个采暖季的运行方式。分析得出系统配置优化的实质,提出以费用年值作为余热供暖系统优化指标,建立了系统的经济性模型,通过对温度、距离、取热率等因素进行分析,得到了不同情况下系统的最佳配置方式和运行参数,总结出系统配置优化原则。利用研究得到的结论,对炼油A厂典型余热供暖项目进行方案设计,并通过技术经济分析,评价余热供暖项目实际应用的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The heating area in China is increasing at a rate of 10% yearly, and it results in a shortage of heat resources in the North of China. What is more, a large area of fog generated by heating in winter forces us to look for new district heating resources, so that we can solve the increasingly serious environmental pollution problems.Recently the petroleum refining enterprises are faced with severe pressure in the energy saving and consumption reduction aspects. A large number of low grade heat produced in the production process are discharged directly into natural environment. For lacking of suitable low temperature heat users, solving the problem of low temperature waste heat utilization is one of the key and difficult point for the current industrial energy saving. So utilizing waste heat for district heating can provide a solution to the application of low grade waste heat and reduce the consumption of the petrochemical material of large new central heating heat source, The thesis research the most proper way to use the petroleum refining waste heat for district heating.Base on the actual data of investigation, this thesis summarizes the rules of waste heat such as heat location, quantity of wast heat, in typical refining unit, and presents the characteristics of different kinds of waste heat. This thesis also present a method of waste heat integration and visually show the characteristics of the waste heat distribution in a petroleum refining factory, after analyzing the own demand for the waste heat, we finally conclude the waste heat resource can be used for the district heating.Revealing the essence of district heating system using waste heat, is three heat transfer process for petroleum refining factory, heating stations and heat users. Through studying and comparing the heating station configurations, we select the most efficiency one for the system. Through researching the heat transfer in the refining industry, we change the return water temperature and analyze the fluctuation of pinch point temperature. After rising the supply temperature of heating water, we select the most efficiency configuration for the heat transfer process in the factory. Through analyzing the heat transfer process, we finally determine the initial process of district heating system using waste heat, and analyzes the whole operation mode in the heating season.The thesis reveals the essence of the system configuration optimization and proposes the annual cost as system optimizing index, building the economy mode for the system. Through analyzing the influences of the factors such as temperature, distance and heat removal rate, we finally obtain the optimal system configuration and operation parameters under different conditions.Using of the conclusion of the research above, we design the district heating system using the waste heat of A petroleum refining factory. Through technical and economic analysis, we conclude the feasibility of practical application.更多还原