【作者】 张硕；

【导师】 闫纪红；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 能源枯竭的趋势日趋严重,可持续发展成为人类面临的重大难题。作为机床生产和消费第一大国,机床在我国的制造行业中扮演着重要的角色,然而机床的能耗利用率普遍偏低,过多的能量消耗增加了我国的能源负担。欧美等国出台的各种能源法案严重限制了我国机床的出口,成为我国机床贸易的绿色屏障。分析机床的能耗特性,优化机床加工参数可以有效地减小这些问题带来的负面影响。本论文将机床能耗分为主轴系统能耗、进给系统能耗、换刀系统能耗、切削液系统能耗、辅助系统能耗、控制系统能耗和其他系统能耗,并对机床各加工阶段能耗进行了分析。根据机床实际加工的功率曲线以及现有的机床能耗模型的优点和不足,建立了数控机床在加工过程中切削以及空切削的能耗模型。为了获取机床的功率和能耗信息,在Lab VIEW环境下编制了CW240功率计的数据采集程序,为数控加工实验提供了能耗采集条件。鉴于目前所建立的机床能耗模型通用性较差的问题,本文分别建立了数控钻削、数控铣削、数控车削和数控磨削切削阶段的能耗模型,并对其进行验证。以Haas VF2数控加工中心为例,建立了切削液系统、换刀系统、机床快速进给以及主轴空转的能耗模型。根据所建立的能耗模型,分别对四种数控加工方式进行了加工过程的仿真,包括加工路径的仿真和加工能耗的仿真,并以实际的加工实验对仿真能耗的准确性进行验证。针对目前能耗仿真加工特征少的特点,本文设计了一个具有多种加工特征典型零件,并对其加工过程进行仿真与能耗验证。针对数控加工过程中的时间最小以及加工能耗最小两个优化目标,以铣削加工为例,通过遗传算法对其进行了赋权值优化以及帕累托优化。建立了考虑刀具耐用度的加工时间模型,通过归一化处理将能耗和时间双目标转化为单目标问题。最后,给出了赋权值优化和帕累托优化的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growing trend of energy depletion, sustainable development has become a major problem faced by humanity. As the largest country of machine tool production and consumption, the machine plays an important role in our country’s manufacturing industry. However, the machines’ energy efficiency is generally very low and excessive energy consumption increases our country’s energy burden. Europe and other countries issued variety of energy bills, which severely limited the export of machine tools and has become green barriers of trade of our country’s machine tool. It is analysising the characteristics of machine tools’ energy consumption and optimizating machining parameters that can effectively reduce the negative effects of these problems.In this paper, the energy consumption of machine tools are divided into energy consumption of the machine spindle system, the feed system, the ATC system, the cutting fluid system, the auxiliary systems, the control systems and other systems. And the energy consumption of machine tools is analyzed. According to the power curve of the actual processing and referencing to advantages and disadvantages of the existing energy consumption model of machine tools, the energy consumption model of CNC machine tools’ cutting and air cutting processes in machining is established. In order to obtain the machine’s power and energy information, in Lab VIEW environment, a data acquisition program is prepared for CW240 power meter, which creats conditions for the energy collection experiments.Given the problem that the majority of the current energy consumption model of the machine tools are versatility poorly, this paper establishes energy consunmtion models in cutting stage for CNC drilling, CNC milling, CNC turning and CNC grinding, and validate them. In Haas VF2 CNC machining center, for example, the energy consumption models for the cutting fluid system, the ATC system, the fast feeding and the spindle system are established.According to the established energy model, four NC machining process simulations, including the simulation of the machining path simulation and energy of processing, are built respectively. The actual machining experiments of energy consumption are processed to verify the accuracy of the simulation. Contrary to the less processing features in the current energy simulation, this paper designs a typical parts with variety of processing characteristics, simulate its machining processs and validate its energy consumptiong in simulation.Considering two optimization objectives, the minimum time and the minimum energy,in the CNC machining process, milling, for example, is carried out for weighted optimization and pareto optimization by the genetic algorithm optimization. Considering the tool life, the modle of processing time is established. Through the normalized processing, the double objectives of energy consumption and time are transformed into single objective problem. Finally, this paper shows the results of weighted optimization and pareto optimization.更多还原