【作者】 李军；

【导师】 陆远权；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 区域经济学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国社会主义现代化建设取得瞩目成就,与此同时我国地区间收入差距也逐渐拉大。造成地区间收入差距较大的原因较多,劳动力流动与地理集中的影响不容忽视。新古典经济学理论认为劳动力因地区间工资差异而流动,劳动力流动通过抑制高收入地区收入增长、促进低收入地区收入增加,具有缩小地区收入差距的作用。然而,改革开放至今我国大规模劳动力流动并未带来地区收入差距的缩小。究竟是什么原因造成了理论与现实的巨大反差,劳动力流动及地理集中对地区收入差距的影响究竟如何,值得深入研究。20世纪90年代,克鲁格曼等人建立的新经济地理理论为这一问题的研究提供了新的视角。本文在新经济地理理论的启发下,基于中心-外围模型的分析框架,在考虑劳动力异质性和空间因素影响的情况下,根据劳动力受教育程度将劳动力分为普通劳动力和人力资本,利用空间计量方法,探讨了两类劳动力地理集中对我国地区收入差距的影响。本文理论与实际结合,首先通过理论分析与文献梳理,厘清了劳动力地理集中影响地区收入差距的作用机理,掌握了研究动态;其次从多个角度考察了我国地区间收入差距现状,采用区位熵公式测算2000-2012年我国31个省市劳动力地理集中度,分析其变化趋势;最后利用空间面板数据模型分析了普通劳动力与人力资本地理集中对地区收入差距的影响。研究得到如下结论:①不同空间维度的考察显示,我国地区间收入差距较大,而随着区域经济协调发展战略的实施,地区收入差距略有缓和;我国省际间劳动力地理集中度极不平衡,东部省市劳动力地理集中度远高于中西部省市,普劳动力地理集中度在2008年后呈现下降趋势,人力资本地理集中度持续加强,中部地区人力资本流失严重。②劳动力地理集中表现出显著的空间自相关,其中普劳动力空间自相关程度趋缓、人力资本空间自相关程度增强,劳动力地理集中主要呈高-高、低-低分布。③计量结果显示,一个地区的普通劳动力与人力资本地理集中都将促进地区收入增加,劳动力地理集中存在显著空间溢出效应,地区收入变量与相邻地区劳动力地理集中状态联系紧密。④空间溢出效应的分解结果表明,普通劳动力地理集中将拉大地区间收入差距,人力资本地理集中有利于缩小地区收入差距;另外,地区间投资存量的差异将扩大地区收入差距;交通基础设施建设的不平衡将进一步剥夺落后地区的发展机会,扩大地区收入差距。基于研究结论,本文从促进要素流动、引导区域经济多中心发展的角度提出了如下建议:促进东部地区产业转移与升级,加快中西部地区城市化建设;加大中西部地区教育投入,夯实人才引进工作,促进人力资本跨区域流动;加大落后地区交通基础设施建设力度,促进区域间贸易往来,优化招商引资环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up, China’s socialist modernization construction has made remarkable achievements. At the same time, China’s regional income gap has gradually widened. Inter regional income gap caused by many larger reasons, including the impact of labor mobility and geographic concentration can’t be ignored. New classical economics theory that labor due to differences in wages between regions and flow, labor mobility by inhibiting the high income, the promotion of regional income growth in low income areas increased income, narrowing the regional income gap. However, since 90 time, reduce the large-scale labor mobility in China did not bring the regional income gap. What causes the huge contrast between theory and reality, labor mobility and geographic concentration effects on regional disparity of how, worthy of further study. Krugman et al. The establishment of the new economic geography theory provides a new perspective for the study of this problem. In this paper, in light of the new economic geography theory, center periphery model based analysis framework, in consideration of the influences of labor heterogeneity and spatial factors, according to the Labor Education labor force will be divided into ordinary labor and human capital, using the spatial econometric methods of the latest, discusses the influence of the concentration on the regional income gap two types of labor geography.In this paper, the combination of theory and practice, first through theoretical analysis and literature review, to clarify the mechanism of effect of regional income disparity concentrated labor geography, mastered the dynamic research; secondly, investigating the current situation of income gap among regions in China from multiple angles, using the entropy formula of location measurement from 2000 to 2012, 31 provinces and cities of our country labor geographic concentration, and analyzes its trend; finally, using spatial panel data model to analyze the influence on the regional income disparity centralized common labor and human capital geography. Research conclusions are as follows: ①The effects of different regional dimension display, China’s regional income disparity is big, but with the implementation of regional income gap to coordinate regional economic development strategy to ease slightly; China’s inter provincial labor geographic concentration is extremely uneven, eastern provinces far higher than the central and Western Provinces and cities labor force spatial aggregation, plough dynamic geographic concentration in 2008 show a downward trend, the human capital of the geographic concentration continued to strengthen, the loss of human capital in the middle area of serious. ② Labor geographic concentration has significant spatial autocorrelation, which’s dynamic space from spatial correlation slowed, human capital related enhancement, labor force spatial aggregation is mainly high-high, low-low distribution mode. ③ The general labor and human capital promote the geographic concentration of regional income increase, labor force spatial aggregation exists significant spatial spillover effects, regional income and adjacent area labor force spatial aggregation state of close contact. ④ The results of decomposition spatial spillover effect shows, the general labor spatial aggregation will widen the income gap between the region, human capital spatial aggregation is conducive to narrowing income gap; in addition, inter regional differences in investment stock will expand the regional income gap; transportation infrastructure construction imbalance will be further deprived of backward area development opportunities, regional income disparity.Based on the research conclusions, this paper guide from promote the flow of factors, regional economic polycentric development point of view put forward the following suggestions: promoting industrial transfer and upgrading in eastern area of city construction, accelerate center-west region; to increase the input of education in central and western regions, tamp the talent introduction work, promote cross regional flows of human capital; increase the backward areas of traffic infrastructure construction efforts, to promote regional trade, optimize the investment environment.更多还原