【作者】 陈卫华；

【导师】 黄宗洪； 查仁明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题是针对隐性紫叶近等基因的特征特性进行研究,对水稻叶绿素和光合速率的测定,农艺性状配合力的分析以及20份组合指纹图谱的构建,研究结果如下:1、紫叶近等基因系的综合农艺性状较好;不同恢复系对紫A和II-32A具有较强的恢复力;同一恢复系对于两者的恢复力相比,差异不明显;针对同一不育系,不同恢复系对其的恢复力大小差异显著;紫A和II-32A的可恢复性,因恢复系的不同,呈现一定差异。2、对亲本近等基因系及20个杂交组合后代不同生育期的叶绿素和光合速率研究发现:叶绿素和光合速率在结实期的不同时间段都呈现低—高—低模式;同一时期,紫叶水稻的叶绿素含量和光合速率大小均比近等基因系绿叶水稻的高;近等基因系紫A和II-32A杂交后代的生理特征相比,同一时期,紫A后代叶绿素含量和光合速率的平均值比绿叶II-32A的后代高;光合速率高的组合其产量一般较光合速率低的组合略高。3、从50对SSR引物中筛选出12对多态性较明显的引物,对子代20份组合的标准化DNA指纹图谱的构建及聚类分析发现:12对引物的PIC平均值为0.386,变动范围在0~0.708;SSR位点共检测出27个等位基因,其中有5个为高度多态性位点,4个为中度多态性位点,3个是低度多态性位点;20份供试材料的平均遗传相似性系数为0.637,基于UPGMA法构建的树状聚类图,在相似性系数0.657,供试材料可以分为3类。4、对组合的产量进行比较分析可以看出:不同恢复系与同一不育系组配组合的产量差异显著,这说明产量性状受父本遗传影响大。近等不育系与同一恢复系杂交组合的产量差异不明显。同一杂交组合种植于不同试点时,其产量随外界条件的改变也在发生变化。同一试点,不育系紫A和II-32A杂交后代的产量相对大小,随着恢复系的改变,呈现差异性,组合的配合力效应也是如此。配合力表现为正负两种效应,近等不育系中紫A的产量配合力表现为负效应,II-32A表现为正效应,两者数值上大小相同,这导致与同一恢复系组配后代的产量特殊配合力也呈现相反的正负效应。5、通过对20个杂交组合及亲本的8个农艺性状一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)分析可知:同一性状的不同亲本之间或同一亲本的不同性状之间的一般配合力(GCA)效应值存在较大差异;杂交组合中同一组合的不同性状或同一性状的不同组合间的特殊配合力(SCA)也不同;对于同一农艺性状,近等不育系的配合力表现互为正负效应,效应值数值上大小相等;与恢复系组配的组合其杂种优势排序,紫叶近等不育系之间正好顺序相反,即紫A的由大到小非加性效应组合是II-32A的小到大非加性效应组合;对于不同的农艺性状,近等不育系的配合力表现优势也不一样。对株高、穗长和千粒重等农艺性状来说,不育系紫A相比其近等基因系有优势,组配的组合也更易获得较佳的杂种优势,而II-32A则在株有效穗、穗实粒数、穗空粒数、结实率和小区产量等农艺性状上相对有优势,后代容易得到对这些性状较好的非加性效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 The observation of characteristics for purple leaf rice and its near-isogenic 、survey of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate in rice、analysis of combining ability for agronomic traits and construction of fingerprints for 20 parts hybrids are studied in this topic.Results are recorded as follows:1. Comprehensive agronomic traits for purple leaf rice and its near-isogenic are fine; different restorers have strong resilience to ZiA and II-32A; resilience for the same restorer line to ZiA and II-32 A has no significant difference; resilience for different restorers to same aline has significant difference; size of recoverability for ZiA and II-32 A presents relativity with the change of restorers.2. Chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate of different growth stages in maternal near-isogenic lines and 20 parts hybrids are studied.Be found that: chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate in different growth stages of solid phase exhibit low-high-low mode; during same phase, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in purple leaf rice are higher than its green leaf near-isogenic lines; chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in hybrids of ZiA are higher than hybrids of II-32 A for the same period; yield for combinations of high photosynthetic rate is generally a little large than that in combinations of low photosynthetic rate.3. 12 pairs of primers for obvious polymorphism are screened from 50 pairs of SSR primers to structure DNA fingerprints for 20 parts hybrids and analyze dendrogram. Reveals that: the average PIC of 12 pairs of primers is 0.386, range from0 to 0.708; SSR loci are detected 27 alleles, of which 5 are highly polymorphic loci, 4are moderately polymorphic points, 3 are lowly polymorphic loci; the average genetic similarity coefficient for 20 parts hybrids was 0.637; test materials can be divided into3 classes in the similarity coefficient of 0.657 based on UPGMA tree.4. The yields of hybrids are done a comparative analysis. Results are: outputs of hybridized combinations for the same sterile line and different restorers are significant diverse, indicating that yield traits are affected greatly by paternal; productions of hybrids for the same restorers and near-isogenic alines are little different; yield of same hybridized combination changes with external conditions; outputs for hybrids of ZiA and II-32 A present relatively otherness with the change of restorers in same site,according with their combining ability; combining ability shows positive and negative effects; yield combining ability of ZiA shows negative effects,contrary to II-32 A, both numberically equal, which results in the opposite SCA effects for combinations hybrided by same restorer.5. GCA and SCA of 8 agronomic traits for 20 pairs of hybridized combinations and their parents are surveyed that: GCA effects of same trait among different parents or different traits between same parents are significant discrepant, applying to the SCA effects of hybrids; combining ability shows positive and negative effects of each other for near-isogenic lines to same trait; the ranks of heterosis for hybrids between near-isogenic lines are reverse; the superiority of combining ability for agronomic traits between near-isogenic alines differs too, such as ZiA has an adventage on plant height、panicle length and grain weight compared to its near-isogenic lines, leading to its combinations easily to get a superior non-additive effect for these traits, on the contrary to traits of effective panicle per plant、filled grains per panicle、empty grains per panicle、setting percentage and cell production.更多还原