贵州自育品种南江3号成熟度与烘烤工艺研究

【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 艾复清；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 为寻求南江3号的最佳采收成熟度和改进烘烤工艺,设置不同的外观成熟特征、不同装烟方式下烘烤变黄期和定色期关键温湿度,研究烤后烟叶的等级质量、主要化学成分及其协调性和评吸质量的关系。1、根据南江3号烟叶叶面变黄程度及叶脉变化程度的不同,对下、中、上部烟叶分别设置4个成熟级别,研究其最佳采收成熟度。结果表明:下部叶以成熟2级表现最好,其烤后烟叶的上等烟率为29.99%,均价18.95元/㎏,分别较同部位其他处理高2.09~7.31个百分点,0.33元/㎏~1.07元/㎏;化学成分除总氮含量略低于成熟1级外,其余指标均优于其他处理;香气质和香气量评分比其他处理分别高0.84~0.48分、0.08~0.28分。中部叶以成熟3级表现最好,其烤后烟叶的上等烟率为70.64%,均价23.27元/㎏,分别比同部位其他处理高2.25~12.93个百分点,0.22元/㎏~1.15元/㎏;化学成分除烟碱含量和总氮含量低于优质烟要求外,其余指标均优于其他处理,化学成分协调性最佳;除杂气和刺激性的评分略低于成熟2级外,其余指标均好于其他处理,其评吸总分与成熟4级相同,但高于其余两处理;上部叶以成熟3级表现最好,其烤后烟叶的上等烟率为46.42%,均价21.82元/㎏,分别比同部位其他处理高1.61~14.73个百分点,0.16元/㎏~1.03元/㎏;化学成分除总氮和烟碱含量略低外,其余指标均优于其他处理,协调性较好;其评吸质量最好,评吸总分为62.50分,比其他处理高0.4~1.06分。2、在挂竿装烟方式下设置变黄阶段主体变黄4个不同恒定温湿度处理,研究其对南江3号不同部位烤后烟叶质量的影响。结果表明:下、中、上部叶分别以XGY1、CGY3、BGY4处理的均价最高,为18.80元/㎏、22.95元/㎏、21.09元/㎏,分别较同部位其他处理高0.17~0.43元/㎏、0.09~0.53元/㎏、0.17~0.57元/㎏,其烤后烟叶等级质量均较好;化学成分除总氮、烟碱含量略偏低外,其余指标和协调性优于同部位其他处理;XGY1、CGY3、BGY4评吸得分分别为64.40分、65.34分、64.13分,较同部位其他处理高0.44~2.49分、0.52~1.65分、0.42~1.73分。综合表明不同部位分别部叶以XGY1、CGY3、BGY4的各项质量指标表现最好。在挂竿装烟方式下设置定色阶段黄筋4个不同恒定温湿度处理,研究其对南江3号不同部位烤后烟叶质量的影响。结果表明:下、中、上部叶分别以XGD3、CGD3、BGD4处理的烤后烟叶质量最佳,其均价也最高,分别为18.04元/Kg、21.84元/Kg、20.15元/Kg,比同部位其他处理高0.09元/㎏~0.39元/㎏、0.25元/㎏~0.40元/㎏、0.19元/㎏~0.43元/㎏;化学成分除总氮含量偏低外,其余化学成分含量均较适宜;XGD3、CGD3、BGD4处理的烤后烟叶香气、吃味、杂气、刺激性和余味等评分均优于其他处理,评吸总分均最高,分别为62.94、63.68、62.62分,比同部位其他处理高0.16~1.46分、0.18~1.82分、0.18~1.15分。3、在散叶装烟方式下设置变黄阶段主体变黄4个不同恒定温湿度处理,研究其对南江3号不同部位烤后烟叶质量的影响。结果表明:对下、中、上部叶分别采用XSY1、XSY3、BSY4处理,其烤后烟叶的各项指标表现最好,除上等烟率外,其余等级质量的指标均好于其他处理,均价分别为17.25元/㎏、20.81元/㎏、20.19元/㎏,比同部位其他处理高0.13元/㎏~0.53元/㎏、0.23元/㎏~0.52元/㎏、0.20元/㎏~0.58元/㎏;其化学成分较适宜,协调性较佳;XSY1、CSY3、BSY4处理的香气质、香气质和香气量均较好,且评吸总分最高,下、中、上部叶分别为58.02分、58.52分、57.80分,比同部位其他处理分别高0.26~0.88分、0.44~1.72分、0.32~2.12分。在散叶装烟方式下设置定色阶段黄筋4个不同恒定温湿度处理,研究其对南江3号不同部位烤后烟叶质量的影响。结果表明:下、中、上部叶的XSD3、CSD3、BSD4处理的烤后烟叶质量较好,除上等烟率外,其烤后烟叶的等级质量均较好,均价最高,均价分别为17.79元/㎏、20.96元/㎏、20.09元/㎏,比同部位其他处理分别高0.18元/㎏~0.58元/㎏、0.15元/㎏~0.45元/㎏、0.24元/㎏~0.57元/㎏;其化学成分协调性较同部位其他处理好,石油醚提取物含量也最高;烤后烟叶的感官评吸质量较好,XSD3、CSD3、BSD4处理的评吸总分最高,为57.12分、57.70分、56.44分,分别较同部位其他处理高0.3~1.56分、0.66~2.06分、0.28~1.9分。4、综上所述,南江3号最佳采收成熟度,下部叶为成熟2级即烟叶综合变黄程度约40%,主脉约1/2变白,支脉1/3-1/2变白,中部叶为成熟3级即烟叶综合变黄程度约60%,主脉2/3-3/4变白,支脉约2/3-3/4变白、上部叶为成熟3级即烟叶综合变黄程度约80%,主脉3/4变白,支脉2/3-3/4变白。挂竿烘烤关键点最佳温湿度,下、中、上部叶变黄主体恒定温、湿度分别为36℃/35℃、38℃/35℃、38℃/36℃,定色期黄筋恒定温、湿度分别为48℃/37℃、48℃/37℃、48℃/38℃。散叶烘烤关键点最佳温湿度,下、中、上部叶变黄主体恒定温、湿度分别为36℃/34℃、38℃/34℃、38℃/35℃,定色期黄筋恒定温、湿度分别为48℃/34℃、48℃/34℃、48℃/35℃。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to seek the most appropriate harvest maturity and the most optimized flue-curing process of Nanjiang 3, different appearance mature features and different temperature and humidity at the yellowing and leaf drying stage were set up; then the relationship among the quality level, the chemical components, their coordination and the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied.1、In order to seek the most appropriate harvest maturity of Nanjiang 3, four processing depending on the changing of leaf and vein were set up. The results showed that: the first-class tobacco rate and average price of lower leaves maturity II are 29.99%, 18.95Yuan/㎏, and2.09~7.31% and 0.33~1.07 Yuan/㎏ respectively, which are higher than corresponding data of other treatments. Except for total nitrogen content lower than treatments I, the other chemical ingredients are superior to other treatments. Aroma quality and aroma volume scored extra 0.84~ 0.48 and 0.08~0.28 points than other treatments, and smoking remaining indicators are better than other treatments. The first-class tobacco rate and average price of central leaves maturity III are 70.64%, 23.27Yuan/ ㎏, 2.25~12.93% and 0.22~1.15 Yuan/ ㎏respectively, which are also better other treatments. Except for nicotine content lower than treatments I, the other chemical ingredients are superior to other treatments, Except for offensive odor and irritation lower than maturity II,the other smoking quality are superior to other treatments. The smoking score of maturity III are as same as maturity IV.The first-class tobacco rate, average price and smoking score of upper leaves maturity III are 46.42%, 21.82Yuan/㎏ and 62.50,1.61~14.73%, 0.16~1.03 Yuan/㎏, 0.4~1.06 respectively. Except for nicotine content lower than the standard of high quality tobacco, the other chemical ingredients are superior to other treatments.2、The flue-cured quality of different parts of leaves of Nanjiang 3 with pole were researched by setting 4 yellowing temperature and humidity processes. The results showed that: XGY1, CGY3, BGY4 treatments average price are 18.80 Yuan/㎏, 22.95 Yuan/㎏, 21.09 Yuan/㎏, 0.17~0.43 Yuan/㎏, 0.09~0.53 Yuan/㎏, 0.17~0.57 Yuan/㎏ higher than other treatments respectively. XGY1, CGY3, BGY4 treatments smoking score are 64.40, 65.34, 64.13, 0.44~2.49, 0.52~1.65 and 0.42~1.73 higher than other treatments respectively. Except for nicotine cotent and total nitrogen lower than the standard of high quality tobacco, the other chemical ingredients are superior to other treatments.The flue-cured quality of different leaves of Nanjiang 3 with pole were researched by setting 4 color fixing temperature and humidity. The results showed that: the average price of XGD3, CGD3, BGD4 treatments are 18.04 Yuan/㎏, 21.84 Yuan/㎏, 20.15 Yuan/ ㎏, 0.09~0.39yuan/ ㎏, 0.25~0.40Yuan/ ㎏, 0.19~0.43Yuan/ ㎏respectively, higher than other treatments. XGD3, CGD3, BGD4 treatments smoking score are 62.94, 63.68, 62.62, 0.16~1.46, 0.18~1.82 and 0.18~1.15 respectively, higher than other treatments. For XGD3, CGD3, BGD4 treatments, aroma, taste, offensive ordor and irritation are superior to other treatments.3、The flue-cured quality of different leaves of Nanjiang 3 with loose leaf were studied by setting 4 yellowing temperature and humidity treatments. The results showed that: their average price of XSY1, XSY3, BSY4 treatments are 17.25 Yuan/㎏, 20.81 Yuan/㎏, 20.19 Yuan/㎏, 0.13~0.53yuan/㎏, 0.23~0.52Yuan/㎏, 0.20~0.58Yuan/㎏ respectively, higher than other treatments. As for XSY1, XSY3, BSY4 treatments, smoking score are 58.02, 58.52, 57.80, 0.26~0.88, 0.44~1.72 and 0.32~2.12 respectively, higher than other treatments. XSY1, XSY3, BSY4 harmony of chemical components is good.The quality of flue-cured leaves in different parts of Nanjiang 3 with loose leaf were studied by setting 4 color fixing temperature and humidity. The results showed that: average price for XSD3, CSD3, BSD4 treatments are 17.79 Yuan/㎏, 20.96 Yuan/㎏, 20.09Yuan/㎏, 0.18~0.58yuan/㎏, 0.15~0.45Yuan/㎏, 0.24~0.57Yuan/㎏respectively, higher than other treatments. XSD3, CSD3 and BSD4 treatments smoking score are 57.12, 57.70, 56.44, 0.16~1.46, 0.18~1.82 and 0.18~1.15 higher than other treatments respectively. For XSD3, CSD3 and BSD4, harmony of chemical components is good.4、In conclusion, to make sure the best quality of flue-cured tobacco, we suggest that lower leaves of Nanjiang3 should be harvested Mature2,the middle and upper leaves with Mature3.With pole leaves flue-cured, the lower tobacco leaves the constant temperature and humidity temperature which is the main body became yellow is 36℃/ 35℃, the corresponding data of middle leaves and upper leaves are38℃/35℃and 38℃/36℃. The color fixing temperature and humidity temperature of the lower, middle and upper tobacco leaves are 48℃/37℃, 48℃/37℃, 48℃/38℃.With loose leaves flue-cured, the lower tobacco leaves the constant temperature and humidity temperature which is the main body became yellow is 36℃/ 34℃, the corresponding data of middle leaves and upper leaves are38℃/34℃and 38℃/35℃. The color fixing temperature and humidity temperature of the lower, middle and upper tobacco leaves are 48℃/34℃, 48℃/34℃, 48℃/35℃.更多还原