云南不同类型土壤的元素含量测定及红外光谱分析

【作者】 徐娟；

【导师】 刘刚；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 光学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤是生态系统中生物赖以生存和发展的最基本、最重要的环境要素,它不但是农作物生产的承担者,而且也为人类提供了舒适的生态环境。中国人多地少,面对生存和发展的重压,土壤的研究显得尤为重要。本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱结合傅里叶变换红外光谱对云南不同类型土壤的常、微量元素和红外光谱进行了分析。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测云南农田土壤常、微量元素(P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量。结果显示:云南农田土壤中速效P、速效K含量处于平衡,速效Ca、速效Mg亏缺,速效Cu、速效Fe、速效Zn、速效Mn等微量元素盈余。在不同地貌下,农田土壤的常、微量元素分布存在着差异,其中滇中地区土壤的速效Zn、速效Fe和速效Mn含量显著高于滇东地区和滇西地区;速效K、速效Ca、速效P的含量从滇西至滇东有逐渐下降的趋势;而速效Cu的含量则从滇西到滇东有逐渐上升的趋势。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对云南省元谋土林风景区7种不同颜色土壤进行分析。ICP-MS测试结果显示,元谋土林土壤中的速效磷、速效钾、速效钙、速效镁、速效铜、速效铁、速效锌、速效锰等多种无机矿物元素含量丰富,且不同颜色土壤的常量与微量元素含量不同。速效磷、速效钾、速效镁、速效铜、速效铁、速效锌、速效锰含量均与速效钙呈显著的负相关关系。7种土壤的红外光谱非常相似,3698,3621,1032,798,779,694 cm-1峰以及470 cm-1峰是主要的特征吸收峰。7种土壤的红外光谱显示,其矿物成分以石英为主,还含有少量的磷酸盐、金属氧化物等成分。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学对云南5种类型的土壤进行分析。结果显示,5种类型土壤的红外光谱整体相似,而二阶导数光谱在1200-700cm-1范围差异明显。选取此波数范围内的光谱数据对土壤样品进行主成份分析和聚类分析。主成份分析的分类正确率达到100%,聚类分析的正确率为100%。表明傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合多元统计分析的方法能够对不同类型的土壤进行鉴别分析。研究结果表明,电感耦合等离子体质谱结合傅里叶变换红外光谱为土壤的成分分析研究提供了一种简易可靠的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil is one of the most basic and important environmental factor for biological in ecosystem. It is not only an undertaker of crop production, but also provided a suitable living environment for mankind. So, it is particularly important to study different kind of farmland soils. In this dissertation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR) were used to study different types of soil in Yunnan Privince.The contents of major and trace elements of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in farmland soils collected from Yunnan Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the distribution of major and trace elements were also studied. The results showed that the contents of available P and K were balance, available Ca and Mg were deficient, available Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were very plentiful. Major and trace elements distribution of different landform areas were obvious differences. The contents of trace elements(Fe、Zn、Mn) of central Yunnan Red Plateau were significantly higher than those of Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan and those of karst plateau in eastern Yunnan. The contents of available P, K, and Ca gradually declined from west to east, while the content of available Cu rose gradually from west to east.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) were used to study seven different color soils in Yuanmou Earth-Forest Scenic Spot in Yunnan. The ICP—MS results showed that available P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were found in the soil, and the contents of major and trace elements were different for different color soils. A significantly negative correlation is observed between available P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ca. The FTIR results showed that IR spectra of seven different soil samples were similar. The peaks at 3698,3621,1032,798,779,694, and 470 cm-1 were the main absorption bands. The infrared spectra reveal that the soil type was kaolin. Quartz was the main component of mineral in seven soils, which contained a small amount of phosphates, metal oxides and other components.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics was used to study 5 types of farmland soils collected from Yunnan Province. The results showed that IR spectra of the samples were similar, and the spectra were mainly composed of the vibrations of silicate and phosphate. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) were performed on the second derivative infrared spectra in the range from 1200 to 700cm-1. Both HCA and PCA provide correct rate of 100%. It is proved that FTIR spectroscopy combined with statistical analysis could be used to discriminate the different types of soils.The results showed that ICP-MS combined with FTIR can provide a simple and reliable method for the component of mineral analysis of different types of soils.更多还原