【作者】 张华；

【导师】 胡翔；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 近几十年来,抗生素的污染问题受到了越来越广泛的关注,尤其是在饮用水中抗生素类物质也被检测到,对人类和生态环境造成很大的威胁。因此研究如何去除这类水体污染物是势在必行的。本文选择不同方法对活性炭进行改性,对比了不同改性活性炭的吸附效果。选择吸附效果较好的AC-Cu、AC-Fe和AC-Al,作为后面实验的研究对象。首先对三种活性炭进行了表面结构和性质的分析。结果表明,经过三种浸渍改性后,活性炭的表面变得更粗糙。其中AC-Cu的比表面积降低较小,增加了碳碳双键和芳香环类官能团。AC-Fe的比表面积的减少量与AC-Cu的相似,而表面的芳香环类官能团和羧基等含氧官能团都有所减少。AC-Al比表面积降低最大,羟基和羧基等含氧官能团都有所增加。并且在三种活性炭上都有相应的金属元素的存在。研究了不同条件对三种活性炭吸附头孢他啶效果的影响。结果表明,离子强度的升高,头孢他啶的吸附量会有所升高。而随着pH值的升高,三种活性炭对头孢他啶的吸附会明显降低。低温更有利于吸附的进行。天然有机物腐植酸的存在并不会对头孢他啶的吸附产生较大的影响。三种活性炭吸附头孢他啶符合准二级动力学模型。采用准二级动力学计算出的AC-Cu对头孢他啶的最大吸附量分别为200.0 mg·g-1(298 K)、196.1 mg.g-1(303 K)和185.2 mg·g-1(308 K),远高于AC-Fe和AC-A1对头孢他啶的吸附量。头孢他啶在吸附过程中主要受颗粒内扩散和液膜扩散两个过程控制。通过吸附等温线及热力学分析,发现吸附过程均为自发的、放热的,且可较好符合Freundlich和Tempkin等温方程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent decades, the antibiotic pollution problem has attractted more and more attention. Especially in drinking water some antibiotic has been detected. The presence of antibiotic has caused great threaten to mankind and ecological environment. Thus, the research of how to remove the type of water pollutants is imperative.In this paper, different modification methods were selected. The adsorption capacity of different modified activated carbon were compared. Three kind of modified activated carbon AC-Cu, AC-Al and AC-Fe were used in the subsequent experiments.The structures and properties of three kind of modified activated carbon have been analyzed first. The results showed that after modification, the surface of the activated carbons were more rough. The specific surface area of AC-Cu was reduced less. In addition, the content of C=C and benzene functional groups were increased. The specific surface area of AC-Fe was similar as AC-Cu. And the content of benzene and carboxylic oxygen containing functional groups were reduced. The specific surface area of AC-Al reduced a lot. The oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were increased in AC-Al. In addition, there were corresponding metal element in three kinds of activated carbon.The effect of different conditions on the adsorption of ceftazidime by three kinds of activated carbon were studied. The results showed that as the increasing of ionic strength, the adsorption capacity of ceftazidime increased a little. But with the increasing of pH value, the adsorption capacity of ceftazidime decreased sharply. Low temperature was more conducive for the adsorption. The presence of natural organic matter(humic acid) had little influence on the adsorption of ceftazidime.The adsorption of ceftazidime on three kinds of activated carbon obey the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption quantity of ceftazidime calculated by pseudo-second order kinetic model were 200.0 mg·g-1 (298 K),196.1 mg·g-1 (303 K) and 185.2 mg·g1 (308 K). It was much higher than that of AC-Fe and AC-Al. The uptake of ceftazidime was mainly controlled by liquid film mass transfer and intra-particular mass transfer. According to the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics analysis, the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic process, and can better meet the Freundlich and Tempkin isothermal equation.更多还原